不同诱变处理对苜蓿叶片细胞显微和超微结构的影响  

Effect of different mutagenesis methods on microstructure and ultrastructure of alfalfa

作　　者：冯鹏[1,2] 孙力[2] 申晓慧[1,2] 李如来[2] 李增杰[2] 李志民[2] 郑海燕[2] 姜成[3] 杨鹤[2] 刘俊刚[2] 郭伟[2] 张英俊[4] FENG Peng;SUN Li;SHEN Xiao- hui;LI Ru- lai;LI Zen- jie;LI Zhi- min;ZHENG Hal- yan;JIANG Cheng;YNAG He;LIU Jun -gang;GUO Wei;ZHANG Ying -jun(Postdoctoral Workstation of Heilongjiang Acaderrzy of Agricultural Sciences,Harbin 150086,China;Jiamusi Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Jiamusi 154007,China;Life Science College of Jiamusi University,Jiamusi University,Jiamusi 154003,China;Animal Science and Technology College of China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省农业科学院博士后工作站,黑龙江哈尔滨150086 [2]黑龙江省农业科学院佳木斯分院,黑龙江佳木斯154007 [3]佳木斯大学生命科学学院,黑龙江佳木斯154003 [4]中国农业大学动物科技学院,北京100193

出　　处：《草业学报》2018年第6期72-80,共9页Acta Prataculturae Sinica

基　　金：黑龙江省博士后特别资助项目(LBH-TZ06020)资助

摘　　要：研究^(60)Co-γ射线、紫外线、零磁空间和EMS诱变处理下苜蓿SP1代叶片细胞显微、超微结构的变化,筛选最优诱变处理,选育适合高寒地区种植的苜蓿新品系或品种。以公农1号、Wega7F、WL319HQ、敖汉4个苜蓿品种试验材料,设置^(60)Co-γ射线150、300、450 Gy射线强度,紫外线30、60、90 min照射时间,甲基磺酸乙酯(EMS)0.1%、0.2%、0.4%(v/v)溶液浓度,零磁空间处理180d;测定苜蓿叶片细胞显微和超微结构。不同诱变处理后4个苜蓿品种叶片厚度均不同程度增加,其中公农1号EMS 0.4%(v/v)浓度下,叶片厚度最大,为446.16μm,增厚幅度达到25.86%,同时诱变降低了叶脉突起程度;公农1号^(60)CO-γ辐射和紫外线处理细胞结构疏松度均高于对照,诱变后Wega7F细胞结构紧密度升高;EMS处理下海绵组织厚度均降低;低剂量诱变处理下[150Gy ^(60)Co-γ,30min紫外线,0.1%(v/v)EMS],细胞叶绿体出现变形、基粒片层松散、类囊体解体、脂质球增多等现象,高剂量处理[450Gy ^(60)Co-γ,90min紫外线,0.4%(v/v)EMS]和零磁空间处理下,叶绿体膜会有部分模糊或解体,基粒片层膨胀或模糊、基粒垛叠程度变化随诱变处理种类增加或降低。4种苜蓿品种的叶片厚度诱变后叶片厚度均增加。在一定梯度范围内,^(60)CO-γ射线和EMS诱变效率较高,突变体材料丰富,操作简单,适宜诱变育种的实际操作;150Gy,^(60)Co-γ射线、60min紫外线、0.4%浓度EMS处理为苜蓿正向变异处理,有利于筛选有益诱变突变体。The overall aim of this research was to identify the optimal mutation method（s）for breeding new alfalfa varieties to cultivate in alpine regions.In this study,we investigated the effects several mutagenesis treatments[^（60）COγ-ray irradiation,ultraviolet radiation,ethyl methyl sulfonate（EMS）,and magnetic field-free space]on the microstructure and ultrastructure of the leaves of four alfalfa cultivars;Gongnong 1,Wega7 F,WL319 HQ,and Aohan.The mutagenesis treatments were as follows：^（60）COγ-ray irradiation（150,300,450 Gy）,ultraviolet radiation（30,60,90 min）,ethyl methyl sulfonate[0.1%,0.2%,0.4%（v/v）],and magnetic field-free space（180 d）.The microstructure and ultrastructure of the leaf were analyzed after these treatments.All of the mutagenesis treatments increased leaf thickness.The greatest increase was in Gongnong 1 under the 0.4% EMS（v/v）treatment,where the final leaf thickness was increased by 25.86μm to 446.16μm.The degree of leaf vein protuberance was decreased by the mutagenesis treatments.The degree of cell tightness in Gongnong 1 increased after ^（60）COγ-ray irradiation and ultraviolet radiation treatments.The cells in the leaves of wega7 F were closer together after all the mutagenic treatments.The ultramicrostructure of the chloroplasts in the alfalfa leaves was also observed under different mutagenic treatments.Under lower doses or concentrations of mutagenic treatments[150 Gy ^（60）Co-γ,30 min ultraviolet radiation,0.1%（v/v）EMS],the chloroplasts were distorted with disrupted membranes,loose grana lamellae,disintegrated thylakoids,and increased numbers of lipid droplets.Under the highest doses or concentrations of mutagenic treatments[450 Gy^（60）Co-γ,90 min ultraviolet radiation,0.4%（v/v）EMS,and 180 dmagnetic field-free space]the chloroplasts became swollen,distorted,and severely damaged with fractured grana lamellae and disintegrated membrane systems.The numbers of plastids and starch grains in cells were increased under these treatments.

关 键 词：诱变 苜蓿 显微结构 超微结构 突变体 

分 类 号：S541[农业科学—作物学]