基于MOOnitor监测系统对青海大通地区无角牦牛冷季放牧行为的研究  

Research on Grazing Behavior of Hornless Yaks in Cold Seasons in Qinghai Datong Area with MOOnitor Monitoring System

作　　者：丁学智[1] 杨超 李晨 包鹏甲[1] 贾聪俊 吴晓云[1] 王宏博[1] 梁春年[1] 郭宪[1] 阎萍[1] DingXuezhi;Yang Chao;LiChen;Bao Pengjia;JiaCongjun;Wu Xiaoyun;WangHongbo;LiangChunnian;GuoXian;Yan Ping(Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering,Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences,Chinese Academy ofAgricultural Sciences,Lanzhou 730050,Chin)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院兰州畜牧与兽药研究所,甘肃省牦牛繁育重点实验室,兰州730050

出　　处：《中国草食动物科学》2018年第4期44-48,共5页China Herbivore Science

基　　金：国家自然基金国际合作重大项目(3141101090);中国农业科学院牦牛资源与育种创新团队(CAAS-ASTIP-2014-LIHPS-01)

摘　　要：选取青海省大通县地区无角牦牛10头,在冷季自由放牧条件下使用MOOnitor监测系统对其放牧行为进行研究。通过计算无角牦牛在试验期内24 h各类活动时间、游走距离来分析其在冷季放牧的行为特点。结果表明:(1)无角牦牛在1、2、3月份24 h内平均休息时间极显著高于4月份(P<0.01)和5月份(P<0.01),而4月份平均休息时间又极显著高于5月份(P<0.01);5月份无角牦牛平均行走时间极显著高于1、2、3、4月份(P<0.01),而平均采食时间却极显著低于1、2、3、4月份(P<0.01);5月份无角牦牛每次采食持续时间极显著低于1、2、3、4月份(P<0.01),而日均游走距离显著高于1、2、3、4月份(P<0.05),同时4月份日均游走距离又显著高于1、2、3月份(P<0.05)。(2)在1、2、3、4月份,无角牦牛的第1个活动高峰出现在9:00—10:00;第2个活动高峰出现在18:00—19:00;5月份的活动高峰出现在18:00左右。(3)无角牦牛活动的空间分布格局随时间推移越来越分散。说明冷季放牧压力较大时应采取适当补饲来保证无角牦牛的高效生产。The objective of this study was to investigate grazing behavior of hornless yaks in cold seasons using MOOnitor monitoring system. Ten hornless yaks were selected in Qinghai Datong Area to determine the time of all kinds of activities,walking distance. The results showed：（1） Within 24 hours,the average rest time of hornless yaks in January,February and March was significantly higher than that in April and May（P〈0.01）and the average rest time of hornless yaks in April was significantly higher than that in May（P〈0.01）;the average walking time of hornless yaks in May was significantly higher than those in January,February,March and April（P〈0.01）,while the average grazing time was significantly lower than those in January,February,March and April（P〈0.01）. Moreover,the GBD value of hornless yaks in May was significantly lower than those in January,February,March and April（P〈0.01）. The daily walking distance of the hornless yak in May was significantly higher than those in January,February,March and April（P〈0.05）. The daily walking distance of the hornless yaks in April was significantly higher than those in January,February and March（P〈0.05）.（2） The first activity peak of the hornless yaks appeared at about 9：00—10：00 am,and the second one appeared at about 18：00—19：00 pm in January,February,March and April,and the peak of activity inMay appeared around 18：00 pm.（3）The spatial distribution pattern of the hornless yaks has become more and more dispersed over time. The results indicated that supplements should be provided to ensure the efficient production of hornless yaks when the grazing pressure is relatively large in the cold season.

关 键 词：MOOnitor监测系统 冷季 无角牦牛 放牧行为 

分 类 号：S823.43[农业科学—畜牧学]