演化语言学的宏观史、中观史和微观史  

The Macrohistory, Mesohistory and Microhistory of Evolutionary Linguistics

作　　者：石锋[1] Shi Feng

机构地区：[1]南开大学文学院

出　　处：《南开学报（哲学社会科学版）》2018年第4期65-71,共7页Nankai Journal:Philosophy,Literature and Social Science Edition

摘　　要：演化语言学是以演化的理念研究人类语言。它有三个时间尺度:宏观史、中观史、微观史,反映出语言研究的广阔视野。宏观史考虑的是语言的涌现、成熟、发展、衰亡;中观史大体相当于历史语言学和语言类型学的范畴;微观史主要是利用直接取得的第一手资料进行研究。演化语言学需要多学科跨领域的实证研究。语言学者必须更新观念和方法,才能做出新的成果。Evolutionary linguistics is the study of human language with the idea of evolution. It has three time scales： macrohistory, mesohistory and microhistory, reflecting the broad vision of contemporary linguistics. Macrohistory is concerned with the emergence, maturation, development and decline of languages; Mesohistory is broadly equivalent to the category of historical linguistics and linguistic typology; Microhistory is mainly based on first-hand data obtained directly. Evolutionary linguistics requires an empirical multidisciplinary study. Linguists must renew their ideas and methods in order to make new achievements.

关 键 词：语言演化 宏观史 中观史 微观史 

分 类 号：H0-09[语言文字—语言学]