最低生活保障制度的瞄准效率与减贫效果分析——基于北京、河南、山西三地的调查  

The Targeting Efficiency and Anti-poverty Effectiveness of the Minimum Livelihood Guarantee System——Based on a Survey in Beijing,Henan and Shanxi

作　　者：宋扬[1] 杨乃祺 SONG Yang;YANG Naiqi

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学经济学院中国人民大学企业与组织研究中心,北京100872 [2]康奈尔大学应用经济与管理系,美国14850

出　　处：《社会保障研究》2018年第4期38-47,共10页Social Security Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金(18CJL049)成果

摘　　要：本文基于在北京、河南、山西三地所做的实地调查,分析我国当前低保制度的瞄准效率、减贫效果以及影响贫困户获得低保的因素,重点考察低保附加值对减贫效果的影响。我们发现低保制度存在较大的瞄准偏差,并且保障水平没有严格按照补差标准实施,降低了低保制度的减贫效果。在考虑低保附加值后,低保制度的减贫效果略有上升,其中北京地区提高幅度最大。此外,深入访谈结果表明制约低保制度瞄准效率的主要原因是很难核实家庭收入,特别是务农收入和外出打工收入。建议推广代理家计调查的瞄准方法、提高低保标准和保障水平、完善监管机制以及加强基层队伍建设。Based on a field survey conducted in Beijing,Henan and Shanxi,this paper systematically analyzes the targeting efficiency of the minimum livelihood guarantee system,its effect on the poverty reduction in China and the factors that affect the possibility for a household to obtain allowances of the minimum livelihood guarantee,with a particular focus on the impact of benefits of the minimum livelihood guarantee system on poverty reduction. We find that the targeting efficiency is low,and the dollar-for-dollar reduction rule is not strictly implemented,which undermines the poverty reduction effect of the minimum livelihood guarantee system. When taking into account the benefits of the minimum livelihood guarantee system,the anti-poverty effect becomes relatively larger,especially in Beijing. Moreover,based on in-depth interviews with government officials,we find that one of the most important obstacles of targeting efficiency is the difficulty in accurately measuring household income,especially agricultural income and the remittances from migration. This paper finally proposes several policy suggestion including trying the proxy means-test,improving the amount of the allowances,improving supervision mechanism and strengthening the building of the grassroots teams.

关 键 词：最低生活保障制度 瞄准效率 减贫 低保附加值 代理家计调查 

分 类 号：D632.1[政治法律—政治学] F126[政治法律—中外政治制度]