贷款基金的设立与中世纪牛津大学师生的抵押借贷  

The Establishment of Loan Chests and Secured Loans for Teachers and Students at the University of Oxford in the Middle Ages

作　　者：徐善伟[1] 仇杨 

机构地区：[1]上海师范大学人文传播学院历史学系,教授上海200234 [2]欧美达英文书院,教师阳朔541999

出　　处：《历史研究》2018年第3期107-130,共24页Historical Research

摘　　要：贷款基金由牛津大学于1240年首创,是中世纪英格兰大学所特有的一种具有慈善性质的免息助学贷款基金。至16世纪中期,教俗各界人士在牛津大学共捐资建立了22个贷款基金,资金总额约1880镑。大学为每个基金制定了管理条例,并选举专门的管理和审计人员对之进行日常管理和监管。管理者既依照条例为符合条件的师生、大学及其书院等提供额度不等的免息抵押贷款,也在运作过程中通过"多人联合抵押借贷"、"连续抵押借贷"等灵活变通的方式让大学及其各机构与成员获得急需的贷款。贷款基金制的出现源于中世纪大学师生的"普遍贫困"与大学自身资金的匮乏,而西欧社会的捐资助学风尚则使之得以落地开花。贷款基金的设立促进了中世纪英格兰大学的持续发展。The loan chest,initiated at Oxford in 1240,was a charitable interest-free student loan fund peculiar to medieval English universities.By the mid-16 th century,churchmen and secularelites had raised funds to set up 22 loan chests at the university with total funds of some￡1880.The university drew up regulations for each chest and arranged specialist auditors and managers for routine management and supervision.The latter not only provided interest-free secured loans to eligible teachers,students,the university and its colleges in accordance with regulations,but also made flexible loans to the university and its components and members who were in dire need through"joint secured loans,""continuous secured loans",etc.The loan chests emerged in response to the"widespread poverty"of teachers and students and the paucity of funds in the medieval university itself;and the fashion of raising funds to encourage learning in Western Europe at the time helped it bear fruit.The establishment of the loan chests fostered the development of medieval English universities.

关 键 词：贷款基金 牛津大学 免息抵押借贷 中世纪 

分 类 号：F831.2[经济管理—金融学] G649.561[文化科学—高等教育学]