国家规划如何有效保护社会?——基于改革开放40年中国社会保险发展历程的研究  

How National Planning Plays Well in Social Protection:Historical Investigation in Social Insurance since the Reform and Opening of China

作　　者：梁玉柱[1] 

机构地区：[1]武汉大学政治与公共管理学院

出　　处：《浙江社会科学》2018年第7期11-20,共10页Zhejiang Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目"基于整体政府理论的县域综合行政执法体制改革研究"(项目编号:18BZZ082)资助成果;国家社会科学基金重点项目"中国国家治理现代化的战略愿景与路径优化研究"(项目编号:14AZD009)阶段性成果

摘　　要：国家规划是国家提供社会保护的一种方式,与法律型治理、指令型治理不同。学术界分别从整体性知识、地方性知识以及价格信号作用三个角度对规划治理的有效性进行论证。新中国成立以来就深受国家计划/规划这种管理方式的影响,尤其是改革开放后,国家计划在中国发生了根本性的转变,成为具有战略指导意义的国家规划。本文基于改革开放40年中国社会保险发展历程的分析,探讨国家规划如何有效促进社会保护。研究发现,在中国社会保险体系建设过程中,国家规划面临着发展重心的选择,尤其是在后发国家追赶的背景下,身份机制能够主导权利机制。国家规划在社会保护中既需要保护社会免受市场机制的全面侵扰,也需要利用市场在资源配置中的优势,以此增强国家财政能力和居民自我保障能力。国家规划目标的实现既要依赖科层制内部的高效协调,通过"放权"、"让利"调动地方政府的积极性,也要通过约束、考核等保证政策的执行。国家规划保护社会并非一劳永逸,需要一系列相契合的制度安排。Polanyi's social protection proposition calls for controlling the extent of the market, especially the labor market, and giving play to the role of the state in social protection. Through the historical experience of China's Mainland since its reform and opening up, it has been found that the state power is confronted with the gambling of interest groups. Especially in the case of unbalanced social development, the interest mechanism can dominate the equal rights mechanism. State power does not have a natural tendency to protect society. The emphasis that state power places on social protection is more likely to stem from maintaining social stability and achieving benign and sustainable development. State power not only needs to protect society from being invaded by the market mechanism in its entirety, but also needs to take advantage of the market's advantages in allocating resources so as to enhance the country's financial capability and enhance residents' ability to protect themselves. The realization of state power relies on efficient coordination within the government bureaucracy and ensures the enthusiasm of local governments through "decentralization" and"sharing", as well as ensuring the implementation of policies through restraint and examination. China's experience shows that in the social protection state power is confronted with a rich gaming scene between government power, power and market, and power and society.

关 键 词：社会保护 国家规划 五年规划 社会保险体系 “大转型” 

分 类 号：D61[政治法律—政治学]