劳动力成本上升、加工贸易转移与企业出口附加值率攀升  

Rising Labor Cost,Processing Trade Transfer and Climbing Enterprise Value Added Rate of Export Products

作　　者：铁瑛[1] 黄建忠 高翔[3] Tie Ying;Huang Jianzhong;Gao Xiang.

机构地区：[1]上海对外经贸大学国际经贸研究所 [2]上海对外经贸大学 [3]上海对外经贸大学经贸学院

出　　处：《统计研究》2018年第6期43-55,共13页Statistical Research

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“劳动力成本上升背景下中国加工贸易产业升级和国际转移研究”(16BJY135)的资助

摘　　要：我国出口国内附加值率(DVAR)持续攀升,伴随其上升的是用工成本的明显提高和加工贸易占比的显著下降。我国DVAR的提升究竟源于如已有研究所指出的,投资自由化所带来的国内中间品对国外中间品的替代,即"主动"的提升?还是成本上升引致加工贸易不断退出市场的一个客观结果,即"被动"的提升?本文基于2000—2006年的微观数据,测算了企业层面的DVAR,从加工贸易退出的角度刻画了企业DVAR的动态演进过程,并进一步考察了由最低工资所代表的劳动力成本、加工贸易与企业出口DVAR之间的关系。实证研究表明:劳动力成本上升会促使我国企业DVAR的攀升,这一结果在多个维度的稳健性检验中均是高度稳健的。最低工资上升对我国企业DVAR的促进作用通过引致加工贸易退出这一机制来实现。拓展性的研究还表明,最低工资上升对高生产率企业、外资企业和资本相对密集企业DVAR的正面促进作用更强。这说明,我国DVAR的上升至少部分是加工贸易产业转移的结果,鼓励进口、同时促进国内中间品质量提升是我国现阶段发展的重要政策方向。As China＇s export domestic value-added rate（ DVAR） continues to rise,accompanied by an obvious increase in labor cost and a significant decline in the proportion of processing trade,the source of DVAR elevation in China comes either from what the research results show the substitution of foreign for domestic intermediate products brought about by investment liberalization,i. e. ＂active＂promotion？ or simply from the rising cost resulting in a continuous withdrawal of processing trade from the market,i. e. ＂passive＂promotion？ Based on the 2000—2006 micro data,this paper estimates the DVAR at the level of enterprises,depicts the dynamic evolution process of enterprise DVAR from the perspective of the withdrawal of processing trade,and examines the relationship among the labor cost（ minimum wage as its proxy）,the processing trade and the enterprise export DVAR. An empirical study shows that：（1） the rising labor cost will cause the climbing DVAR of Chinese enterprises,which is highly robust in the robustness tests of multiple dimensions.（2） The promoting impact of the minimum wage increase on Chinese enterprise DVAR is realized by squeezing the processing trade out of the market.（3） The more the minimum wages rise,the stronger the positive impacts areon the DVAR of high-productivity enterprises,foreign-invested and capital-intensive firms. It is found that the rise of China＇s DVAR is at least part of the resulting processing trade transfer,and the import promotion and upgradation of the quality of domestic intermediate goods will be an important policy orientation at the current phase of development.

关 键 词：劳动力成本 最低工资 加工贸易 出口国内附加值率 

分 类 号：C812[社会学—统计学]