宁南旱区沟垄集雨结合补灌对土壤水分利用及冬小麦产量的影响  

Effects of ridge and furrow rainwater harvesting cultivation with supplemental irrigation on water use and winter wheat yield in arid area of southern Ningxia

作　　者：杨震[1,2,3] 董昭芸 卫婷 张鹏[1,2,3] 贾志宽[1,2,3] YANG Zhen 1,2,3 , DONG Zhao-yun 1,2,3 , WEI Ting 1,2,3 , ZHANG Peng 1,2,3 , JIA Zhi-kuan 1,2,3(1. The Chinese Institute of Water-saving Agriculture, Northwest A＆F University, Yangling, Shannxi 712100, China;2.Key Laboratory of Crop Production and Ecology, Minister of Agriculture, Northwest A＆F University, Yangling, Shannxi 712100, China;3. College of Agronomy, Northwest A＆F University, Yangling, Shannxi 712100, Chin)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学中国旱区节水农业研究院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]农业部西北黄土高原作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100 [3]西北农林科技大学农学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2018年第4期117-124,共8页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金："十二五"国家科技支撑计划课题"西北旱作区抗逆稳产旱作农业技术集成与示范"(2012BAD09B03)

摘　　要：为探明沟垄集雨结合不同时期补灌措施的集雨保墒效果,2013-2015年在宁南半干旱区设置不同补灌模式(全生育期不灌溉、前期(拔节期)补灌、后期(抽穗期)补灌、前后期均补灌)结合补灌方式(集雨补灌和传统畦灌),研究集雨补灌措施对土壤水分、冬小麦产量及水分利用效率的影响。结果表明:沟垄集雨补灌模式可有效改善0~200 cm土层土壤贮水量,尤其对0~40 cm土层提高较为明显。在2013-2014年(枯水年)灌水量减半的情况下,前期补灌和全生育期不灌溉处理的小麦产量均高于相对应的畦灌处理,分别提高了2.6%和6.2%,其余处理和对应的畦灌处理相比无增产效应;在4种补灌模式下,集雨补灌处理的水分利用效率、灌溉水利用效率均显著高于对应的畦灌处理,其中前期补灌最为显著,分别提高8.5%和105.1%。2014-2015年(丰水年),除集雨前后期均补灌处理外,前期补灌、后期补灌和全程不灌溉处理的产量均高于对应的畦灌处理,分别提高4.5%、7.4%(p<0.05)和4.9%;在四种补灌模式下,除集雨前后期均补灌和不灌溉处理的水分利用效率与对应的畦灌处理相差不大外,其余各补灌处理的水分利用效率和灌溉水利用效率均显著高于相对应的畦灌处理,最大增幅分别为3.8%和114.7%。可见,沟垄集雨结合适量补灌措施可显著提高冬小麦产量和水分利用效率。The objective of this study was to explore the effects of ridge and furrow rainwater harvesting （RFRH） cultivation with supplemental irrigation at different stageson rainwater-collection and soil moisture conservation. A two-year field experiment was conducted in semi-arid area of southern Ningxia from 2013 to 2015. Four supplementalirrigation modes were set up： zero-supplemental-irrigation in growth stages, supplemental irrigation at earlier （jointing） stage, supplemental irrigation at later（heading） stage, supplemental irrigation at earlier（jointing） and later （heading） stages and each irrigation mode has two cultivation patterns： RFRH cultivation with supplemental irrigation （R） and border irrigation （B）, aiming to explore the effects of R system on soil moisture, winter wheat yield and water use efficiency （WUE）.The results showed that R system can effectively improve the soil water storages in 0~200 cm soil layer, especially in 0~40 cm soil layer. Under the condition of irrigation amount reduction by 50%, yield of the RFRH with supplemental irrigation at earlier stage treatment （R2） and RFRH with zero-irrigation in growth stages treatment （R0） increased by 2.6% and 6.2% compared with corresponding B treatments in 2013-2014 （dry year）, there were no significant differences between the RFRH with supplemental irrigation at earlier and later stages treatment （R1）, RFRH with supplemental irrigation at later stage treatment （R3） and corresponding B treatments; WUE and IWUE of R treatments were significantly higher than corresponding B treatments under four irrigation modes, the effect of R2 treatment was obvious, increased by 8.5% and 105.1%, respectively; Except for R1 treatment, yield of R2, R3 and R0 treatments increased by 4.5%,7.4%（ p 〈0.05）and 4.9%, respectively, compared with corresponding B treatments in 2014-2015 （wet year）; Except for no obvious difference of WUE between R1,R0 treatments and corresponding B treatments, WUE and IWUE of othe

关 键 词：沟垄集雨 补灌 冬小麦 土壤水分 水分利用效率 产量 宁南半干旱区 

分 类 号：S318[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术] S512.11[农业科学—农艺学]