中世纪晚期英格兰贸易转型中的王权干预  

The Intervention of Kingship in England in the Transition of Late Medieval Trade

作　　者：张子恺 ZHANG Zi-kai(School of History,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210023,China)

机构地区：[1]南京大学历史学院,江苏南京210023

出　　处：《南通大学学报（社会科学版）》2018年第4期100-105,共6页Journal of Nantong University:Social Sciences Edition

摘　　要：中世纪晚期是英国经济社会向近代转型的关键时期,以大宗羊毛出口为代表的对外贸易集中体现了这一时期政治、经济与社会因素的互动演进。在这一过程中,英国王权扮演着至关重要的角色。一方面,王室以关税、商栈和重金政策等手段对羊毛出口进行强制管控,使其有利于王权的战略目的;另一方面,王权延续自中世纪的自利属性,又使其面临羊毛业主和商人集团乃至外国君主的挑战,种种限制促使王权和上述团体寻求某种妥协。这些力量的长期博弈,逐渐形成了英国特有的以议会为平台的协商机制,极大地影响了以后英国的政治发展轨迹。The 14 th and 15 th centuries witnessed the economic and social transformations from medieval to modern times, and the English medieval trade represented by wool exportation epitomized the interaction of political, economic and social powers. The kingship of England played an extremely crucial role in the above-mentioned process. On the one hand, the kingship applied policies such as tariff, trade posts and high rewards policies to coordinate the wool trade in order to protect royal interests. On the other hand, the selfishness of kingship had to face the challenges of wool seigniors, merchants or even foreign monarchs. In consideration of various limits, the king of England pursued a compromise to gain the cooperation of the above groups. During the long process of gambling, a special negotiation mechanism gradually formed in and out of the parliament, which deeply influenced the political tradition of future English society.

关 键 词：中世纪晚期 王权 羊毛贸易 

分 类 号：K561.33[历史地理—历史学]