法观念差异下的境外NGO立法效应  

Effect of Foreign NGO Legislation under Different Ideas of Law

作　　者：贾西津[1] Jia Xijin

机构地区：[1]清华大学公共管理学院NGO研究所、清华大学公益慈善研究院

出　　处：《中国非营利评论》2017年第1期1-19,共19页China Nonprofit Review

摘　　要：《中华人民共和国境外非政府组织境内活动管理法》2017年1月1日实施。自法案二审稿向社会公开到颁布出台以来,国际上和中国民间社会的反响多担忧和批评之声,与政府表示的规制不法、保障权利之态度有较大落差。本文的分析认为,这种落差不只因为国家安全的政治目的考量,更重要的是法观念的差异造成的不同解读。本文从法律文本出发,首先分析《境外NGO法》的法律特征,继而尝试分别阐述立法的思路和社会反应的逻辑,在此基础上剖析二者的深层观念差异,最后针对上述法观念差异,提出《境外NGO法》作为中国现阶段立法的一个实例,可以从明确法意、畅通流程、保障权利三个方面,在＂法治＂建设的路径上,弥合境内外、立法与民间社会之间对话的张力。The Law on the Management of Foreign Non-Governmental Organizations＇ Activities within People s Republic of China will come into effect on January 1,2017. Ever since the second draft of the law was released to the public,many concerns and criticisms have arisen from the international community as well as Chinese civil societies; they are very different from the attitude of restraining malfeasance and safeguarding rights as expressed by the government. The author argued that this difference is not simply caused by the political consideration of national security; another important cause is the difference in interpretation resulting from different ideas of law. Based on legal text,this paper first analyzed the legal characteristics of the Foreign NGO Law,and then attempted to expound the respective legislation ideas and logic of social responses. On this basis,the paper analyzed the deep-level differences in conception between the two parties. Finally,considering the above differences in idea of law,the paper argued that the Foreign NGO Law,as aninstance of legislation at the current stage of China,can make up for the tension in the dialogue between foreign and domestic societies and between legislation and civil societies on the path of legal construction,mainly in terms of three aspects： specifying the spirit of law,smoothing the process,and safeguarding rights.

关 键 词：法观念 境外非政府组织 境外NGO 立法 

分 类 号：D922.182.3[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]