地铁同站台高架换乘车站火灾全尺寸实验研究-(4)设备区火灾  

Full-scale experimental study on fire in one-platform-interchange elevated metro station-(4) equipment area fire

作　　者：钟茂华 刘畅[2] 田向亮[2] 张磊 胡家鹏 梅棋 ZHONG Maohua1, LIU Chang2 , TIAN Xiangliang2, ZHANG Lei3 , HU Jiapeng4, MEI Qi4(1.Institute of Public Safety Research, Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; 2. College of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang Liaoning 110819, China; 3. Beijing MTR Construetion Administration Coqooration, Beijing 100068, China; 4. Beijing Rail and Transit Design ＆ Research Institute CO. , LTD. , Beijing 100068, Chin)

机构地区：[1]清华大学工程物理系公共安全研究院,北京100084 [2]东北大学资源与土木工程学院,辽宁沈阳110819 [3]北京市轨道交通建设管理有限公司,北京100068 [4]北京市轨道交通设计研究院有限公司,北京100068

出　　处：《中国安全生产科学技术》2018年第7期18-25,共8页Journal of Safety Science and Technology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2016YFC0802500);国家自然科学基金项目(51425404;51674152;71790613)

摘　　要：为了研究地铁同站台高架换乘车站的设备区火灾,在某同站台高架换乘车站的设备区开展现场火灾实验,对设备区走廊顶棚烟气温度、烟气沉降作用和危险高度烟气温度变化情况进行分析。研究结果表明:设备区火灾烟气扩散过程受火源位置、外界自然风压、安全出口分布和开启情况的影响较大。安全出口均开启时,自然风下风向的烟气蓄积作用较为明显,顶棚烟气温度较高,火灾危险性较大;火灾过程中,设备区大部分走廊区域均能形成稳定的烟气分层,烟气层高度为2.4~2.8 m,自然通风条件下大部分区域烟气沉降最低高度在1.5 m以下,部分区域可降至地面高度,开启排烟风机后升高至1 m以上;设备区走廊区域起火时,在0.125 MW的火灾规模下,烟气扩散区域危险高度处的最高温度达到45℃;设备房间内起火时,在0.06 MW的火灾规模下,经过填充和沉降过程,扩散至走廊区域的烟气温度较低,危险高度处的烟气最高温度为32℃,火灾危险性较低。在含多个走廊和房间的设备区火灾防排烟设计中,应考虑起火位置和不同季节自然风对疏散路径火灾危险性的影响。To study the fire in the equipment area of one-platform-interchange elevated metro station,the field fire experiments were carried out in the equipment area of a one-platform-interchange elevated metro station,and the variation of ceiling smoke temperature,smoke descending effect and smoke temperature at the dangerous height in the corridors were analyzed.The results showed that the smoke spread process of fire in the equipment area was mainly affected by the fire source location,ambient wind pressure,layout of safety exits and their open condition. When all the safety exits were open,the smoke accumulation effect in the downstream of natural wind was relatively obvious,the ceiling smoke temperature was relatively high,and the corresponding fire risk was larger. The stable smoke stratification would form in most corridor of equipment area during the fire process,and the smoke layer height was 2. 4 - 2. 8 m. The lowest height of smoke descending was below1. 5 m in most area under natural ventilation,and could even reach the ground in partial area,while it raised above 1 m when starting the smoke exhaust fan with the air volume of 6 m3/s. When the fire occurred in the corridor,the maximum temperature at the dangerous height in the smoke spread region was 45 ℃ with the fire size of 0. 125 MW. When the fire occurred in the equipment room,the temperature of smoke spreading to the corridor was relatively low through the filling and descending process,and the maximum smoke temperature at the dangerous height was 32 ℃,so the fire risk was relatively low. There-fore,the influence of fire location and natural wind in different seasons on the fire risk on the evacuation routes should be taken into account in the design of fire smoke control in the equipment area containing multiple corridors and rooms.

关 键 词：地铁 同站台高架换乘车站 全尺寸 设备区火灾 实验研究 

分 类 号：X932[环境科学与工程—安全科学]