土地整治对耕地细碎化影响评价指标适用性分析  

Applicability analysis of indices in assessment on effect of land consolidation on cultivated land fragmentation

作　　者：孙瑞 金晓斌[1,2,3] 项晓敏 曹帅[1] 徐翠兰 隋雪艳 刘敏 周寅康 Sun Rui;Jin Xiaobin;Xiang Xiaomin;Cao Shuai;Xu Cuilan;Sui Xueyan;Liu Min;Zhou Yinkang(College of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210023,China;Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Exploitation and Protection,Ministry of Land and Resources,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210023,China;Jiangsu Land Development and Consolidation Technology Engineering Center,Nanjing 210023,China;Jiangsu Province Land Development and Consolidation Center,Nanjing 210024,China)

机构地区：[1]南京大学地理与海洋科学学院,南京210023 [2]国土资源部海岸带开发与保护重点实验室,南京210023 [3]江苏省土地开发整理技术工程中心,南京210023 [4]江苏省土地开发整理中心,南京210024

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2018年第13期279-287,共9页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2015BAD06B02)

摘　　要：为分析土地整治对耕地细碎化影响评价的指标适用性,综合现有研究成果,采用土地利用数据和村域土地权属信息,基于景观指数视角选择27项评价指标,分析了不同数据来源、数据类型和粒度水平下土地整治前后的耕地细碎化状况,探讨了可有效表征项目区耕地细碎化变化的景观指标。研究结果如下:1)受基础数据类型、分析方法选择及空间格网粒度等因素的影响,项目区尺度下耕地细碎化的评价结果存在较大差异;2)基于矢量的景观指数对耕地细碎化的表征能力较强,但考虑到评价指标的全面性,仍需结合栅格数据计算,在项目区尺度粒度以10 m为宜;3)常用的景观指标应用于耕地细碎化评价存在内涵重复、方法依赖、粒度敏感和结果歧义等问题,可有效表征耕地细碎化程度的景观指标包括斑块个数(number of patches,NP)、平均斑块面积(mean patch size,MPS)、边界密度(edge density,ED)、斑块密度(patch density,PD)、斑块面积变异系数(patch size coefficient of variation,PSCOV)和香农均匀度指数(Shannon’s evenness index,SHEI)共6项;4)土地整治对耕地细碎化程度改善效果明显,表示地块数量、形状不规则程度的指标有所降低,NP、PD和ED分别降低了997、0.16和141.73;而表示地块规模和空间分布均衡性的指标有所增加,MPS、PSCOV和SHEI分别增加了0.118 hm^2、23.56和0.004。因此,在进行耕地细碎化景观指数评价时应注重基础数据的选择,筛选适宜指标,确定合理粒度。Land consolidation is an important measure for solving land use problems in the process of socio-economic development in many countries（regions） in the world. But cultivated land fragmentation has a negative effect on raising agricultural productivity, promoting agricultural mechanization and developing agricultural modernization for many years. Land consolidation is regarded as an effective mode to control the fragmentation of cultivated land, which has achieved remarkable results. As for the applicability of the index in the impact assessment of land consolidation on cultivated land fragmentation, the integrated existing research results found that landscape index is a quantitative research method that can highly concentrate landscape pattern information, and reflect some aspects of its structure composition and spatial configuration. And using landscape index to evaluate the impact of land fragmentation by land consolidation is helpful to highlight the improvement of land consolidation on land fragmentation in the scale of time and space. Landscape index is the main source for selecting evaluation index of cultivated land fragmentation. This paper adopted the general idea of ＂integrating index system, quantitatively evaluating index, statistical analysis and extracting index＂. This study used land use data and village land ownership information, selected 27 evaluation indices based on the view of landscape index, and analyzed the fine fragmentation of cultivated land before and after land consolidation under different data sources, data types and granularity levels. By using Arc GIS and FRAGSTATS software, all alternative indices under different grid granularity levels were calculated. A statistical analysis was made on the significance, sensitivity, and difference of the calculation results of the indicators. Finally, according to the characteristics of the results, the evaluation indicators that can effectively represent the fragmentation status of the cultivated land were screened from the aspects o

关 键 词：土地利用 农村地区 耕地细碎化 土地整治 景观指数 适用性 评价 

分 类 号：F301.2[经济管理—产业经济]