长江口北部沿海地区雾的气候特征及其与气象要素的关系  

Climatic Characteristics of Fog and Its Relationship with Meteorological Elements in the Northern Coastal Area of the Yangtze River Estuary

作　　者：杨亚新[1] YANG Ya-xin(Dept.of Navigation,Nantong Vocational ＆ Technical Shipping College,Nantong 226010,China)

机构地区：[1]南通航运职业技术学院航海系,江苏南通226010

出　　处：《南通航运职业技术学院学报》2018年第2期28-34,共7页Journal of Nantong Vocational & Technical Shipping College

摘　　要：为了掌握长江口北部沿海地区雾的生消规律以及为其开展雾的生消预测提供参考依据,利用1981—2010年南通、启东、海门三个气象观测站地面气象观测资料,统计分析了长江口北部沿海地区雾的气候特征及其与气象要素的关系。结果表明:长江口北部沿海地区的雾具有较明显的年际变化特征,平均每年有16—17天,出现浓雾(能见度≤0.5 km)的概率达60%以上;季节变化明显,冬季最多、春季和秋季其次、夏季最少;主要发生在下半夜到清晨,日出以后雾逐渐消散。有利于长江口北部沿海地区雾形成的气象条件是:相对湿度90%以上,风向为E-ESE-SE-SSE,风速4 m/s以下,海平面气压在1 01.5~1 03.0 kPa之间,气温在2℃~20℃的区间内。风速越小,相对湿度越大,形成的雾越浓。In order to make ship＇s crew understand the regular pattern of fog setting or lifting in the northern coastal area of the Yangtze River estuary and provide reference for its prediction of fog, based on the ground meteorological observation data of three meteorological stations in Nantong, Qidong and Haimen between 1981 and 2010, the climatic characteristics of fog in the northern coastal area of the Yangtze River estuary and its relationship with meteorological elements were analyzed statistically. The results show that the fog in the northern coastal area of the Yangtze River estuary is featured by obvious inter-annual variation. The average is 16-17 days annually. The probability of the dense fog（visibility ≤0.5 km） is more than 60%. Seasonal changes of fog are obvious, mostly in winter, followed in spring and autumn, and the least in summer. The fog mainly occurs from midnight to morning and dissipates after sunrise. The relative humidity is over 90%, the wind direction is E-ESE-SE-SSE, the wind speed is below 4 m/s, the sea level pressure is between 101.5 and 103.0 kPa, and the temperature is in the range of 2℃-20℃, all of which are favorable conditions for fog formation. The smaller the wind speed is, the greater the relative humidity is, and the thicker the fog is formed.

关 键 词：长江口北部沿海地区 雾 气候特征 气象要素 

分 类 号：P426.4[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]