油菜精量直播机播种监测系统传感装置改进及通信设计  

Sensing device improvement and communication design on sowing monitoring system of precision planter for rapeseed

作　　者：丁幼春[1,2] 张莉莉 杨军强[1,2] 朱凯 Ding Youchun;Zhang Lili;Yang Junqiang;Zhu Kai(College of Engineering,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China;Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment in Mid-lower Yangtze River,Ministry of Agriculture,Wuhan 430070,China)

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学工学院,武汉430070 [2]农业部长江中下游农业装备重点实验室,武汉430070

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2018年第14期19-26,共8页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0200600;2016YFD0200606);湖北省技术创新专项重大项目(2016ABA094)

摘　　要：针对油菜播种作业质量实时监测、播种量计量的问题,设计了油菜精量直播机播种监测系统。该监测系统由多路油菜种子流传感装置和油菜播种监测显示终端装置组成,油菜种子流传感装置安装于油菜精量排种器下方输种管道上,利用MSP430单片机系统的时间捕获中断程序及定时计数程序实时记录油菜种子流的排种时间间隔序列、排种频率、排种总量并根据国家标准计算获得漏播指数、合格指数,采用"多对一"传输方式无线发送至油菜播种监测显示终端装置。监测显示终端实时显示多路播量信息、排种性能指标信息以及每一路的排种频率曲线。设计了应答模式的轮询数据通信协议实现监测系统在数据传输过程中的可靠性、容错性、准确性。播种监测系统台架试验及田间试验结果表明:该播种监测系统工作稳定可靠,播种质量监测准确率达96%以上,在田间较空旷场地传输距离达60 m,满足播种监测的需要,并为油菜播种状态图的生成提供了技术支撑。Sowing is a very important link in the process of agricultural production, and it is essential to make it timely, appropriate and meet agronomic environmental conditions according to the requirements of agricultural technology, so that crops can get a good foundation for growth. Precision planter for rapeseed can complete the ditching, stubble cleaning, rotary tillage, precision sowing, fertilization, soil covering and other operations, and it is widely used because of its high operating speed and high working efficiency. When the rapeseeds are sown, the flow process of rapeseeds is in a closed room, the color of rapeseed is similar with the color of soil, and the precision sowing index of rapeseed is mainly indirectly obtained through the change of the seed quantity in the seed box or through the speed of the seed metering device and the number of the type holes of the disks. Therefore, a set of sowing monitoring system for precision planter for rapeseed is designed to achieve sowing performance and sowing statistics in the process of rapeseed sowing. It is one of the trends to achieve transparency, informatization and intelligentization in sowing link. In recent years, many sowing monitoring systems for precision combined direct planter studied by experts at home and abroad were mainly used for the seed of large and medium size, such as corn and soybean. In this paper, the sowing monitoring system for precision combined direct planter is designed for rapeseed. The monitoring system is composed of multirow rapeseed flows sensing device and monitoring display terminal. Six rapeseed flow sensing devices are installed at the appropriate positions that are under 6 precision seeders on precision planter for rapeseed respectively to detect rapeseed flows. The weak voltage signals produced by rapeseed impacting on the piezoelectric film are processed by signal conditioning circuit, and then the seed pulse sequence corresponding to the seed flow is formed. Time capture interrupt program and timing counting program of MS

关 键 词：农业机械 监测 设计 油菜精量直播机 油菜种子流 播量监测 排种频率 性能检测 

分 类 号：S223.25[农业科学—农业机械化工程] TP277[农业科学—农业工程]