深翻结合心土与不同改土物料混合改良白浆土的效果  

Improving effect of planosol by deep tillage combined with subsoil mixed with ameliorative materials

作　　者：朱宝国[1,2] 张春峰 贾会彬[1,2] 孟庆英 王囡囡[1,2] 张立波 匡恩俊[3] 王庆胜 刘俊刚[1] 高雪冬 Zhu Baoguo;Zhang Chunfeng;Jia Huibin;Meng Qingying;Wang Nannan;Zhang Libo;Kuang Enjun;Wang Qingsheng;Liu Jungang;Gao Xuedong(Jiamusi Branch,Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Jiamusi 154007,China;The Planosol Improvement Engineering Center of Heilongjiang Province,Jiamusi 154007,China;Institute of Soil Fertilizer and Environment Resources,Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Harbin 150086,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省农业科学院佳木斯分院,佳木斯154007 [2]黑龙江省白浆土改良工程中心,佳木斯154007 [3]黑龙江省农业科学院土壤肥料与环境资源研究所,哈尔滨150086

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2018年第14期107-114,共8页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201503116-01)资助

摘　　要：该研究通过设置心土混拌配施改土物料区和浅翻深松区进行小区对比试验,调查心土混拌配施不同改土物料对白浆土心土理化性质的改良效果,进而进一步拓宽白浆土心土改良途径。试验共设置浅翻深松区(CK);心土混合区(SML);秸秆+心土混合区(S+SML);秸秆+心土混合区+磷肥(S+SML+P),秸秆+心土混合区+石灰(S+SML+L);秸秆+心土混合区+石灰+磷肥(S+SML+L+P)6个处理。研究结果表明:1)与浅翻深松(CK)相比,深翻结合心土与不同改土物料混合能够改善心土层土壤物理性质,20~40 cm土层土壤含水率提高幅度为2.11~6.11个百分点;硬度降低40%~50%,且没有出现峰值;提高土壤通透性,改善土壤三相比值,固相降低幅度为8.5~9.97个百分点,液相增加幅度为2.82~5.41个百分点,气相增加幅度为3.89~6.65个百分点,容重下降幅度为10.13%~17.09%。2)提高心土层养分含量,碱解氮提高82.75%~121.63%,有效磷提高190.91%~681.82%,特别是添加磷肥处理变化明显,是对照处理6.5~6.8倍,速效钾提高20.7%~40.74%。有机质提高157.14%~185.71%。缓解土壤酸性,加石灰处理p H值提高0.45~0.47个单位。提高土壤全量养分,全氮提高45.76%~52.54%,全磷提高108.14%~144.19%,全钾提高8.10%~26.34%。3)连续两年提高作物产量。与对照区相比,第1年大豆增产13.42%~24.46%,第2年玉米增产13.43%~19.17%,一次改土后效时间长,增产效果显著。研究结果认为,心土混合配施秸秆、石灰和磷肥是白浆土区比较理想的心土改良技术,可为白浆土及其同类低产土壤改良及作物增产提供技术支撑。Planosol is one of the main agricultural soils in the northeast of China, in which Heilongjiang and Jilin Province are relatively concentrated distribution areas. In the Heilongjiang Province, its total area is about 3.31 million hm^2; the Sanjiang Plain located in its eastern region is planosol concentrated area, and its cultivated land area is about 0.88 million hm^2. Planosol is a kind of regional low yield upland soil, and 3 factors namely very thin black topsoil, naturally derived hard subsoil pan and over acidification after reclamation are considered as major obstacles triggering low yield. It was found that when its silt subsoil layer and clay subsoil layer were mixed while keeping the topsoil undisturbed, good soil improvement could be obtained. Since its subsoil is short of nutrient, its poor chemical property still remains unchanged by only using subsoil mixing method. In this paper, by making plot experiment, different ameliorative materials were input into the subsoil mixed to clarify the further effect on planosol improvement. The plot experiment included 6 treatments： common subsoil loosening（CK）; subsoil mixed（SML）（operated by straw subsoil mixed plough）; straw ＋ subsoil mixed（S ＋ SML）; straw ＋ subsoil mixed ＋ phosphorus（P） fertilizer（S ＋ SML ＋ P）; straw ＋ subsoil mixed ＋ lime（S ＋ SML ＋ L）; straw ＋ subsoil mixed ＋ lime ＋ P fertilizer（S ＋ SML ＋ L ＋ P）. The result showed that compared with the CK treatment, the rest treatments combined with ameliorative material achieved good results not only in the aspect of subsoil physical properties, but also in the aspect of subsoil chemical properties. Soil moisture in the depth from 20 to 40 cm beneath the soil surface was increased by 2.11-6.11 percentage point. Soil hardness at the same part was reduced by 40%-50%, and its peak of soil hardness disappeared. The soil three-phase ratio was improved with solid phase reduced by 8.5-9.97 percentage point, liquid phase increased by 2.82-5.41 percen

关 键 词：土壤 秸秆 石灰 心土混合 改土物料 白浆土 物理性质 化学性质 

分 类 号：S223[农业科学—农业机械化工程]