超强台风强度与其过境海域上层海洋热力结构关系研究  

The Relationship Between Super-typhoon Intensity and Pre-typhoon Upper Ocean Thermal Structure

作　　者：王关锁 赵彪[2] 赵昌[2] WANG Guan suo;ZHAO Biao;ZHAO Chang(College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences,Ocean university of China,Qingdao 266003,China;The First Institute of Oceanography,SOA,Qingdao 266061,China.)

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学海洋与大气学院,山东青岛266100 [2]国家海洋局第一海洋研究所,山东青岛266061

出　　处：《海洋科学进展》2018年第3期363-373,共11页Advances in Marine Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目--"两洋-海"区域超高分辨率多圈层耦合短期数值预报系统研制(2017YFC1404000);国家自然科学基金项目--降雨对海洋动量通量的影响及数值模拟实现(41506038);全球变化与海气相互作用专项--海洋动力系统和多运行形态相互作用(GASI-IPOVAI-05);海洋动力系统可预报性研究(GASI-IPOVAI-06)和热带气旋数值模式研制(GASI-03-02-02-01)

摘　　要：分析了西北太平洋海域1993—2015年发生的超强台风过程的时空分布特征,发现超强台风高发区主要分布在菲律宾以东(124°~140°E,14°~20°N)海域。近20a来西北太平洋超强台风发生频率呈增加趋势。利用两层约化重力模型计算了西北太平洋海域26℃等温线深度(H26),通过ARGO资料评估验证了该方法的可靠性。基于超强台风最大风速分类,进一步讨论了超强台风最终发展强度和其过境前上层海洋热力结构的关系,发现超强台风过境前海洋H26越深、海面温度(SST)越偏暖,上层海洋有效热含量(UOHCv)值就越大且UOHCv正异常越大,越有利于台风短时间内发展增强到超强台风。分析显示,超强台风最终达到的强度和超强台风单位时间掠过海面的UOHCv量值密切相关。In this paper,we studied the spatial-temporal distribution of super typhoons in the Northwest Pacific Ocean in the last 20 years.Results show that the area where super typhoon occurred most frequently locates to the east of Philippines,from 124°～140°E and 14°～20°N,and the number of super typhoon increases with years.With a two-layer reduced gravity model,the 26 ℃isotherm（H26）in the northwest Pacific Ocean was calculated and the result was validated by ARGO data.The relationship between the intensity of super typhoon and the upper ocean thermal structure just before the passing of typhoon was also discussed.Results indicate that the deeper the isotherm（H26）before the typhoons,the warmer the sea surface temperature（SST）;the bigger the significant upper ocean heat content（UOHC）,the bigger the positive anomaly of UOHC,which favors the development of a typhoon into a super typhoon in a short period.Moreover,the maximum intensity of super typhoon is tightly related to the UOHC of the area where the typhoon has passed.

关 键 词：超强台风 上层海洋有效热含量 26℃等温线深度 台风移速 

分 类 号：P731[天文地球—海洋科学]