船用柴油机烟气余热ORC系统的热力性能分析  

Thermodynamic Analysis of Organic Rankine Cycle for Marine Diesel Engine Exhaust Energy Recovery

作　　者：刁安娜[1] 杨小强[1] 冯明志[1] 彭学院[2] DIAO Anna;YANG Xiaoqiang;FENG Mingzhi;PENG Xueyuan(Shanghai Marine Diesel Engine Research Institute,Shanghai 201108,China;Compressor Engineering Department,Xi＇an Jiaotong University,Xi＇an 710049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国船舶重工集团公司第七一一研究所,上海201108 [2]西安交通大学能源与动力工程学院,西安710049

出　　处：《内燃机工程》2018年第4期47-53,共7页Chinese Internal Combustion Engine Engineering

基　　金：上海张江国家自主创新示范区专项发展资金重点项目(201701-MH-C1085-011)~~

摘　　要：对采用不同换热器配置的有机朗肯循环(ORC)系统进行了分析,理论分析结果表明:在柴油机烟气余热ORC系统所有部件之中,蒸发器的损失最大;通过增加预热器或回热器能进一步提高热源的利用率,但同时系统的损失和成本增加。为此对影响ORC系统性能的关键因素进行优化设计:使蒸发器过热度和冷凝器的过冷度取1~2℃;并尽可能提高膨胀机的膨胀比和内效率。试验结果表明:ORC试验系统理论热效率5.7%,实际热效率5.3%,引起偏差的主要原因是膨胀机实际容积效率低于理论值,实际机械消耗大于理论值,且系统混入的不凝气也对系统造成影响。新开发的低温烟气余热ORC系统的设计方法,实现了对烟气余热ORC系统的优化配置,为船舶柴油机烟气余热利用提供了一种切实可行的解决方案。Theoretical analysis showed that the evaporator had the largest energy loss in all parts of the diesel engine exhaust energy organic Rankine cycle （ORC） recovery system. Adding a pre heater or regenerator could increase the utilization of heat source, but increase the system＇s energy loss and equipment cost. For this reason, the key factors affecting the performance of the ORC system had been optimized. So that the superheat of the evaporator and the sub cooling of the condenser were maintained with the temperature range of 1 -C to 2 -C, and the expansion ratio and internal efficiency of the expander were maximized. Experimental results show that the theoretical thermal efficiency of the ORC test system is 5.7-, while the actual thermal efficiency is 5. 3-. The main cause of the deviation is that the actual volumetric efficiency of the expander is lower than the theoretical value, so that the actual mechanical power consumption is greater than the theoretical value. Meanwhile, non condensable gas mixed into the system also has an adverse effect on the system. The newly developed design method for low temperature exhaust energy ORC recovery system realizes an optimal configuration of the system. Thus a practical solution is provided for the utilization of the exhaust energy of marine diesel engines.

关 键 词：柴油机 烟气余热 有机朗肯循环(ORC) 热力性能 

分 类 号：U664.121[交通运输工程—船舶及航道工程]