航空遥感平台通用物理模型及可变基高比系统精度评价  

Normal Physics Model of Aerial Remote Sensing Platform and Systemic Accuracy Assessment Variable Baseline-height Ratio

作　　者：晏磊[1] 李英成[2,3] 赵世湖 袁修孝 宋妍[6] 钟裕标[2] 薛庆生[7] YAN Lei1 ,LI Yingcheng2,3,ZHAO Shihu4,YUAN Xiuxiao5,SONG Yan6,ZHONG Yubiao2, XUE Qingsheng7(1. Institute of Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System,Beijing Key Lab.of Spatial Information Integration and Its Applications, Peking University, Beijing 100871,China; 2. Chinese Academy of Surveying and Mapping, Beijing 100039,China; 3. China TOPRS Technology Co. Ltd., Beijing 100039, China; 4. Satellite Surveying and Mapping Application Center, NASG, Beijing 101300, China; 5. School of Remote Sensing and Information Engineering,Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079,China; 6. Faculty of Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences , Wuhan 430074, China; 7. Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Changchun 130033,Chin)

机构地区：[1]北京大学遥感与地理信息系统研究所,北京市空间信息集成与3S应用北京市重点实验室,北京100871 [2]中国测绘科学研究院,北京100039 [3]中测新图(北京)遥感技术有限责任公司,北京100039 [4]国家测绘地理信息局卫星测绘应用中心,北京101300 [5]武汉大学遥感信息工程学院,湖北武汉430079 [6]中国地质大学(武汉)信息工程学院,湖北武汉430074 [7]中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所,吉林长春130033

出　　处：《测绘学报》2018年第6期748-759,共12页Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica

基　　金：国家重大计划研发项目(2017YFB0503003); 国家自然科学基金(11174017); 国家863计划(2007AA12Z111;2006AA12Z119); 高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金(20130001110046)

摘　　要：精度是高分辨率遥感和摄影测量的关键。影响精度的因素分为:成像系统误差和数据处理误差。航空平台系统误差较为复杂,因此本文聚焦航空成像系统设计方法,以降低航空成像系统误差为目标,从源头上为数据处理精度提供保障。目前航空数字成像系统种类繁多,但缺乏统一物理模型,使得航空相机系统采用人工拼接为多刚体(多相机),结构复杂、体积大、成本高、精度难以刻画,容易受到震动和温度等因素影响,成像系统装机实用精度只能达到毫米量级。为此,本文构建航空遥感平台通用物理模型,由此归纳出现有航摄相机的四类对偶技术特征:一次-二次成像、外拼接-内拼接、单基线-多基线、非严格-严格中心投影;以此建立可变基高比时空模型,从而实现数字航摄相机内部光学机械参数与地表高程精度的表达,实现地表高程精度-光机参数贯通;进一步设计二次成像数字航摄相机原型系统及宽波段临边成像光谱仪,为目前多刚体拼接的一次成像航摄相机构建向精密光机单刚体、折反式同光路构建提供原型依据,为数字航摄系统构建和工业化奠定理论基础和原型实例参考。Accuracy is a key factor in high-resolution remote sensing and photogrammetry.The factors that affect accuracy are imaging system errors and data processing errors.Because of the complexity of aerial camera system errors,this paper focuses on the design of digital aerial camera system,to reduce the system error and provide data procession fundamentally.There are many kinds of digital aerial camera system at present,but lacking a unified physical model,which causes the system to be built in multi-camera and multi-rigid model.Such system is complex,costly,and difficult to describe,and is easily affected by factors such as vibration and temperature,so the installed accuracy can only reach millimeter level.For this reason,this paper proposes the unified physical structure of digital aerial camera,which imitates the theory of out-of-field multi-CCD,in-field multi-CCD,and once-imaging and twice-imaging digital camera systems.Considering this,the spatial-temporal representation of the variable baseline-height ratio is established.From the variable baseline-height ratio,we can link the optomechanical spatial parameters with the elevation accuracy,so that to achieve connection between the surface elevation with opto-mechanical structural parameter;further designing the twice-imaging digital camera prototype system and the wideband limb imaging spectrometer,which provides prototype for transformation from the current multi-rigid,one-time imaging aerial camera to single rigid structure.Our research has laid a theoretical foundation and prototype references for the construction and industrialization of digital aerial system.

关 键 词：系统精度 数字航摄相机 通用物理模型 可变基高比时空模型 单刚体 n次折反式同光路系统 

分 类 号：P237[天文地球—摄影测量与遥感]