2013～2017年北京某医院无偿献血者构成及血液检测结果分析  

Analysis of the Sources of Blood Donors and Blood Detections in the Hospital of Beijing

作　　者：潘雪[1] 关晓珍[1] 潘纪春[1] 张婷[1] 郭邦胜 汪德清[1] PAN Xue;GUAN Xiao-zhen PAN Ji-ehun(Department of Blood Transfusion,Chinese PLA General Hospital,Beijing China 100853)

机构地区：[1]解放军总医院输血科,北京100853

出　　处：《临床输血与检验》2018年第4期354-357,共4页Journal of Clinical Transfusion and Laboratory Medicine

基　　金："十三五"全军后勤科研重点项目(No.BWS16J006-02)资助

摘　　要：目的分析本院近5年无偿献血者构成及血液标本检测结果,为进一步了解血源阳性检出率、变化特点和制定无偿献血工作策略提供参考依据。方法选择2013年1月～2017年12月本院无偿献血者(由街头、军队、患者亲友三类无偿献血者构成)共158 027例,采集全血后的血液标本进行初检、复检,主要包括丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)、丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)、人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)及梅毒螺旋体(TP),并对无偿献血者的构成和检测结果进行统计分析。结果 158 027例无偿献血者中街头、军队、患者亲友三类无偿献血者的比例为1∶2.7∶4.4,总不合格率为4.1%,其中街头与军队无偿献血者不合格率低于患者亲友献血者,三类无偿献血者的不合格率比较差异有统计学意义(χ~2=22.329,P<0.05);不同年份总不合格率的差异有统计学意义(χ~2=519.222,P<0.05),以2013年最高;各项不合格检出率由高到低依次为HBsAg>ALT>TP>HCV>HIV,除HCV外,其他不同年份检测不合格率差异有统计学意义(χ~2=2 298.798、41.849、23.547、34.582,P<0.05);HIV/HBV合并阳性9例,HIV/TP合并阳性29例,HIV/TP/HCV合并阳性1例,其他项目合并阳性共64例,三类无偿献血者合并阳性检出率的差异有统计学意义(χ~2=52.707,P<0.05)。结论加强血液检测工作及持续关注血源性传染病的阳性检出率变化规律是提高血液质量安全的必要手段。Objective To analyze the sources of volunteer donators and testing results of their blood in recent five years in order to provide a reference for developing the effective recruitment strategy of blood donation. Methods A total of 158 027 donators were collected, including local residents, soldiers, and the relatives of patients. Preliminary examinations and retests of whole blood samples were performed for serum alanine aminotransferase （ALT） , hepatitis B virus （HBV） , hepatitis C virus （HCV） , human ilnmunodeficiency virus （HIV） and Treponema pallidum （TP） . The sources of the donors and testing results were statistically analyzed. Results Among 158027 voluntary blood donators, the proportion of the local residents （in the street） , soldiers, and the relatives of patients was 1 ： 2.7 ： 4.4, the total failure rate was 4.1%. The failure rate of donations in the residents and soldiers was lower than those in the relatives and friends of patients （Z2 22.329, P〈0.05） . The difference of total unqualified rate in different years was noted （Z2 519.222, P〈0.05） . The unqualified rate was found to be HBsAg〉ALT〉TP〉HCV〉HIV. The difference of unqualified rate in all tested markers （except for HCV） in different years was statistically significant （X2= 2 298.798. 41.849. 23.547. 34.582, P〈0.05） . Nine cases showed positive HIV and HBV, 29 cases had positive HIVand TP, and 1 case exhibited positive HIV, TP andHCV, which is statistically different in the three populations of blood donation （X2= 52.707, P〈0.05） . Conclusion Continuous attention should be paid to the blood detections and blood-borne infectious diseases for ensuring the safety of blood sources.

关 键 词：无偿献血 血液传播疾病 血液检测 

分 类 号：R193.2[医药卫生—卫生事业管理] R446.11[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]