流域生态修复系统规划方法及其应用--以美国佩诺布斯科特河为例  

Methods and Applications of Ecological Restoration Plans for Watersheds——A Case Study of River Restoration on the Penobscot in the U. S. A.

作　　者：刘昊 靳彤[1] 李丹宁 汪卢弘 王龙柱[1] 郭乔羽[1] Jonathan Higgins Nicholas Miller Joshua Royte LIU Haoa;JIN Tonga;LI Danninga;WANG Luhonga;WANG Longzhua;GUO Qiaoyua;Jonathan Higginsb;Nicholas Millerc;Joshua Royted(The Nature Conservancy a.Beijing 100600,China;b.Illinois 60603,Americ;c.Wisconsin 53703,America;d.Maine 04011,America)

机构地区：[1]大自然保护协会,北京100600 [2]大自然保护协会,美国伊利诺伊州60603 [3]大自然保护协会,美国威斯康辛州53703 [4]大自然保护协会,美国缅因州04011

出　　处：《环境影响评价》2018年第4期43-48,共6页Environmental Impact Assessment

摘　　要：河流生态修复对于改善退化的河流生态系统具有重要作用。以美国缅因州佩诺布斯科特河的生态修复项目为例,介绍了一种流域生态修复系统规划方法,具体说明了方法的应用过程。该方法以流域为评估单位,以数据和多种分析方法为支撑;强调在规划之初开展以数据为基础的现状分析,并与利益相关方共同规划修复目标以保证项目长期可持续开展;根据威胁识别保护策略,定量地分析保护情景;最终选择可行的高生态效益保护方案。同时倡导在推动流域修复的同时实施监测与适应性管理,为保护项目的长效机制提供有效反馈。通过对比分析国内外河流生态修复在目标、理念、具体方法及项目监测调整上的差异,为今后国内的河流生态修复研究与实践提供参考。River ecological restoration plays an important role in improving the degraded river ecosystem. This paper introduces a comprehensive framework of watershed restoration planning by using the on-going restoration project in Penobscot River in Maine,USA as an example to demonstrate the application of this framework. The framework emphasizes the data-driven situation analysis to understand key threats and the importance of setting the restoration objectives with all stakeholders. The feasible conservation actions will then be designed to deal with the identified threats and achieve better conservation results through quantitative analyses of different conservation scenarios. In the meanwhile,continuous monitoring and adaptive management are key in the implementation of watershed restoration activities to provide necessary feedbacks and adjustments to achieve long-term objectives. In the end,this paper compares this framework and the current river restoration planning practices in China to provide insights and further recommendations for future studies and applications.

关 键 词：淡水生态系统完整性 流域生态修复 适应性管理 佩诺布斯科特河 大自然保护协会 

分 类 号：X321[环境科学与工程—环境工程]