不同覆膜方式对西北旱地麦田土壤水热特征和产量形成的影响  

Influences of Different Plastic Film Mulches on Soil Temperature and Grain Yield of Spring Wheat in Northwest Arid Land of China

作　　者：吴兵[1] 高玉红[2] 李映[3] 牛俊义[2] 崔红艳 刘宏胜[3] 南炳江 WU Bing;GAO Yuhong;LI Ying;NIU Junyi;CUI Hongyan;LIU Hongsheng;NAN Bingjiang(College of Life Science and Technology,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China;College of Agronomy,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China;Huining Agricultural Technology Extension Center,Huining Gansu 730799,China;Institute of Arid Agroecology,School of Life Sciences,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730070,China;Meteorological Bureau of Huining County,Huining Gansu 730799,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学生命科学技术学院,兰州730070 [2]甘肃农业大学农学院,兰州730070 [3]甘肃省会宁县农业技术推广中心,甘肃会宁730799 [4]兰州大学生命科学学院干旱农业生态研究所,兰州730070 [5]甘肃省会宁县气象局,甘肃会宁730799

出　　处：《西北农业学报》2018年第5期741-749,共9页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

基　　金：甘肃省科技支撑计划(1604NKCA052-1);甘肃省高等学校科学研究成果转化培育项目(2017D-12)~~

摘　　要：为了改善西北旱区土壤水热条件,提高降水利用效率,研究西北旱作条件下白膜平铺覆土穴播(T1)、黑膜平铺覆土穴播(T2)、白膜垄沟覆土穴播(T3)、黑膜垄沟覆土穴播(T4)、白膜平铺无土穴播(T5)、黑膜平铺无土穴播(T6)和露地穴播(CK)对麦田土壤水热效应和籽粒产量及水分利用效率的影响,以期为实现春小麦高产高效种植提供理论依据。结果表明:地膜覆盖具有明显增温和降温双重效应。与CK相比,在春小麦苗期和分蘖期覆膜处理下0~25cm土层土壤平均温度增加0.73℃和0.88℃,而在扬花期和灌浆期降低0.38℃和0.75℃。从整个生育期看,不同覆膜处理在0~25cm土壤温度变异系数(18.24%~20.02%)低于CK处理(21.48%),说明地膜覆盖有利于减轻土壤温度波动。不同处理下小麦全生育期0~25cm土层地温随土层的加深而逐渐降低,在25cm处的平均地温低于5cm处5.38℃。春小麦抽穗至灌浆期阶段的耗水量和耗水比例均最大,平均分别为126.83mm和47.37%,T3处理在此阶段的耗水量最高,显著高于CK处理21.33%。地膜覆盖可显著提高春小麦的籽粒产量和水分利用效率,增幅分别为9.64%~21.92%和6.45%~20.15%,且T3处理的籽粒产量最高(3 915.40kg·hm^(-2));而T4处理的水分利用效率最高,T1处理次之,T5处理最低,分别较CK显著增加20.15%、15.39%和6.45%。综合考虑,T4处理是最适宜在西北旱区条件下推广的春小麦种植模式。To improve the soil hydrothermal condition and precipitation use efficiency in arid regions of Northwest China,and the field experiment of spring wheat was conducted to explore the soil temperature,soil moisture and grain yield as well as water use efficiency under seven cultivation patterns including flat hole-sowing with field soil of white（T1）or black（T2）plastic film mulching,ridge and hole-sowing with field soil of white（T3）or black（T4）plastic film mulching,flat and hole-sowing without field soil of white（T5）or black（T6）plastic film mulching and flat planting without film mulching（CK）in order to provide theoretical basis for the realization of high yield and efficiency planting of spring wheat.The results showed that plastic film mulching had obvious double effects of increasing temperature and decreasing temperature.Compared with the CK,the mean temperature of 0-25 cm soil layer under different plastic film mulching treatments were raised by 0.73 ℃ and 0.88 ℃ during seedling and tilling stage,while it dropped 0.38 ℃and 0.75 ℃ during flowering and filling period.From the whole growth period,the variation coefficient of soil temperature under different mulching treatments was 18.24%-20.02%,which was lower than that of CK（21.48%）in 0-25 cm soil layer.This indicated that plastic film mulching is good for reducing soil temperature fluctuation.However,the soil temperature in 0-25 cm soil layer under different treatments was decreased gradually with the deepening of soil layer during the whole growth period of spring wheat,and the average soil temperature at 25 cm was fell 5.38 ℃ compared to 5 cm layer.The amount of water consumption and its proportion of spring wheat from heading to grain filling stages were the largest with 126.83 mm and 47.37%,respectively,and the T3 treatment of water consumption at this stage was the highest,which was significantly higher by 21.33% than CK.The grain yield and water use efficiency of spring wheat were significantly increased under plast

关 键 词：地膜覆盖 旱作春小麦 土壤水热效应 籽粒产量 水分利用效率 

分 类 号：S512.01[农业科学—作物学]