政府补贴、采用效果对农户节水灌溉技术持续采用行为的影响研究  

Influence of government subsidies and adoption effect on continuous adoption behavior of water-saving irrigation technology by farmers

作　　者：薛彩霞[1] 黄玉祥[2] 韩文霆[3] XUE Caixia;HUANG Yuxiang;HAN Wenting(,College of Economics and Management,Northwest A ＆ F University,Yangling 712100,China;College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering,Northwest A ＆ F University,Yangling 712100,China;Institute of Water Saving Agriculture in Area Regions of China,Northwest A＆ Forestry University,Yangling 712100,Chin)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学经济管理学院,杨凌712100 [2]西北农林科技大学机械与电子工程学院,杨凌712100 [3]西北农林科技大学旱区农业节水研究院,杨凌712100

出　　处：《资源科学》2018年第7期1418-1428,共11页Resources Science

基　　金："十二五"国家科技支撑计划资助项目(2011BAD29B08);国家自然科学基金项目(71403212);教育部人文社科基金项目(14YJCZH06)

摘　　要：农户对节水灌溉技术的采用行为是一个"逐步"的动态学习过程,需要经历采用和持续采用两个阶段的决策,而农户的持续采用行为直接影响节水灌溉技术效益的发挥。本文运用陕西省白水县284户苹果种植户的微观调研数据,采用Heckman选择模型重点探讨政府补贴和采用效果对农户节水灌溉技术持续采用行为的影响。实证结果表明:①政府给农户任何形式的补贴都可以有效地激励农户采用节水灌溉技术,相对于资金补贴,基础设施补贴和设备补贴更有利于农户持续采用节水灌溉技术;②采用效果对农户节水灌溉技术的采用行为有显著的正向作用,成本投入对农户持续采用行为影响不显著,技术适用性对农户持续采用行为有促进作用,及时解决农户在技术采用中遇到的问题有助于提高农户技术采用的经济效益。基于此,提出以下建议:实施政府补贴、优先补贴基础设施和设备、多元化的配套措施,有助于提高农户节水灌溉技术的采用率和采用效果,并促进农户对节水灌溉技术的持续采用。Adoption of water-saving irrigation technology（WSIT） is a step-by-step dynamic learning process for farmers, which includes two-stage decision-making of adoption and continuous adoption. The continuous adoption behavior of farmers affects the benefits of WSIT.Based on a survey of 284 apple growers in Baishui county in Shaanxi, a Heckman selection model was used to study the influence of government subsidies and adoption effect on farmer continuous adoption behavior of WSIT. We found that government subsidies encouraged farmers to adopt WSIT. Compared with capital subsidies, infrastructure subsidies and equipment subsidies were more conducive to farmers＇ continuous adoption of WSIT. The adoption effect of WSIT had a significant positive effect on farmers＇ adoption behavior of WSIT. The lower the cost of WSIT, the better the applicability of technology and the more economic benefit, the higher the probability that farmers adopted WSIT. The effect of cost investment on farmers＇ continuous adoption behavior of WSIT was not significant, and technical applicability had a positive effect on farmers＇ continuous adoption behavior of WSIT. The timely solution of problems encountered by farmers improved the economic benefits of WSIT. Based on the above conclusions, the following recommendations are made： continue government subsidies, preferential subsidies infrastructure and facilities,establishment of a WSIT industry access system, popularization of integrated technology of water,fertilizer and medicine, WSIT publicity, and establishment of professional service institutions to solve problems encountered by farmers.

关 键 词：节水灌溉技术 持续采用行为 政府补贴 采用效果 Heckman样本选择模型 

分 类 号：F323.213[经济管理—产业经济] F812.8