基于水文应用的多源数字高程模型精度分析  

Hydrological application-based analysis on precision of multi-source digital elevation model

作　　者：王欢[1,2] 刘九夫[1,2,3] 谢自银[1,2] 王文种[2] WANG Huan;LIU Jiufu;XIE Ziyin;WANG Wenzhong(State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering,Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute,Nanjing 210029,Jiangsu,China;Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute,Nanjing 210029,Jiangsu,China;Research Center for Climate Change,MWR,Nanjing 210029,Jiangsu,China)

机构地区：[1]南京水利科学研究院水文水资源与水利工程科学国家重点实验室,江苏南京210029 [2]南京水利科学研究院,江苏南京210029 [3]水利部应对气候变化研究中心,江苏南京210029

出　　处：《水利水电技术》2018年第6期30-38,共9页Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(91647203);国家自然科学基金项目(91647111)

摘　　要：天空地监测技术的迅速发展使得可免费获取的地形数据越来越多,而不同地形数据的精度和现势性制约着水文科学的创新和发展。收集目前可免费获取的数字高程模型,基于分辨率、现势性、覆盖范围等属性筛选出SRTM、ASTER2 GDEM和ALOS World 3D三类数据源为研究对象,针对不同地形地貌区,计算分析与水文密切相关的DEM衍生特征的精度,进而提出不同数字高程模型在水文应用中的适用范围。经分析:各DEM在地势起伏大的区域,地形宏观描述基本一致;地势起伏小的区域,Aster2 DEM与其他三种DEM存在差异;在中小河流洪水预报的经验模型中,根据资料情况利用任何一种数字高程模型提取流域参数均可,不作为影响模型精度的重要指标。在地势起伏大的地区,除SRTM外各DEM对水系形态的描述精度较高;地势起伏小的地区,除ALOS world 3D能准确描述河口区域水系结构关系外,其余DEM均不能准确描述河口区域水系形态;分布式水文模型的产汇流分析、水文通视性分析等建议使用ALOS world 3D。Based on the attributes of resolution-ratio,currency,covering range,etc.,three kinds of data source,i. e. SRTM,GDEM,ASTER2 and ALOS World 3 D are selected as the study objects and the precision of DEM derived characteristics closely related to hydrology is calculated and analyzed for various topographic and geomorphological regions,and then the application scopes of various digital elevation models are put forward. Through the relevant analysis,the macro-descriptions of the topography made by DEM are basically coincided for all the regions with large topographic relief,for which difference is there between Aster2 DEM and the other three kinds of DEM. In the empirical model for flood forecast of medium-small rivers,the watershed parameters can be extracted from any kind of the digital elevation model in accordance with the relevant data availability,which is not taken as an important index to influence the precision of the model. For the region with larger topographic relief,the description precisions from all the DEMs on the morphology of water system therein are higher except SRTM. For the region with small topographic relief,only ALOS world 3 D can correctly describe the structural relation of the water system in estuary region,all the other DEMs cannot describe the morphology of water system therein. For the runoff yield and confluence analysis,the hydrological intervisibility analysis,etc. of distributed hydrological model,ALOS world 3 D is suggested to be used.

关 键 词：多源 数字高程模型 ALOS World 3D 水系提取 地形地貌因子 

分 类 号：P332[天文地球—水文科学]