济南市医院病理科工作人员甲醛和二甲苯暴露健康风险评估  

Health risk assessment of formaldehyde and xylene exposures among pathologists in hospitals in Jinan City

作　　者：王燕[1] 江媛媛[1] 刘志艳 王德军[1] 孔凡玲[1] 隋少峰[1] WANG Yan;JIANG Yuan-yuan;LIU Zhi-yan;WANG De-jun;KONG Fan-ling;SUI Shao-feng(Institution of Occupational and Environmental Health Monitoring and Assessment,Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Jinan,Shandong 250014,China;Department of Pathology,School of Basic Medical Sciences,Shandong University,Jinan,Shandong 250012,China)

机构地区：[1]山东省疾病预防控制中心职业与环境卫生监测评价所,山东济南250014 [2]山东大学基础医学院病理学系,山东济南250012

出　　处：《环境与职业医学》2018年第7期619-623,共5页Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine

摘　　要：[目的]调查济南市综合医院病理科空气中甲醛和二甲苯的污染水平,评估其对工作人员的致癌风险和非致癌风险。[方法]收集2013—2016年济南市6家综合医院病理科空气中甲醛和二甲苯的职业卫生日常监测数据,利用美国环境保护署(EPA)吸入风险模型对病理科取材室、技术室、诊断室工作人员的甲醛、二甲苯职业暴露健康风险进行评估。[结果]共检测甲醛样本160个,取材室、技术室、诊断室的甲醛平均质量浓度分别为1.403、0.172、0.129mg/m^3。3个场所的甲醛暴露均存在非致癌风险和致癌风险,危害系数(HQ)均>1,致癌风险(Risk)范围为1.07×10^(-4)~11.67×10^(-4),均超过美国EPA制定的限值(1×10^(-6));取材室甲醛暴露的致癌风险和非致癌风险最高。共检测二甲苯样本92个,取材室、技术室、诊断室的二甲苯平均质量浓度分别为0.259、9.546、0.331mg/m^3。技术室二甲苯暴露的非致癌风险最高(HQ=15.56),取材室和诊断室二甲苯暴露的非致癌风险较小,HQ均<1。[结论]济南市综合医院病理科取材室、技术室、诊断室工作人员甲醛暴露均存在致癌风险和非致癌风险,技术室工作人员二甲苯暴露的非致癌风险最高。[ Objective ] To investigate the pollution levels of formaldehyde and xylene in indoor air of pathology departments in selected general hospitals in Jinan City, and assess the cancer and non-cancer risks for the pathologists. [ Methods ] Daily monitoring data about formaldehyde and xylene in indoor air were collected from pathology departments in six general hospitals in Jinan City from 2013 to 2016. The health risks for pathologists who worked in specimen collection rooms, slide making rooms, and diagnosis rooms of pathology departments were assessed by inhalation risk assessment model recommended by U.S. Environmental Protection Agency （EPA）. [ Results ] A total of 160 formaldehyde samples were analyzed. The average concentrations of formaldehyde were 1.403, 0.172, and 0.129mg/m^3 in specimen collection rooms, slide making rooms, and diagnosis rooms, respectively. All the three workplaces had both non-cancer and cancer risks from formaldehyde exposure, for all the three hazard quotients （HQs） were greater than 1 and the caner risks （Risk） ranged from 1.07 ×10^-4 to 11.67 ×10^-4, exceeding the EPA threshold （1×10^-6）. Both the cancer and non-cancer risks for formaldehyde exposure had the highest values in specimen collection rooms. A total of 92 xylene samples were analyzed. The average concentrations of xylene were 0.259, 9.546, and 0.331 mg/m^ 3 in specimen collection rooms, slide making rooms, and diagnosis rooms, respectively. The non-cancer occupational risk for xylene exposure had the highest value in slide making rooms （HQ=15.56）, and were much lower in specimen collection rooms and diagnosis rooms （HQs 〈 1）. [ Conclusion ] Formaldehyde exposure induces both cancer risk and non-cancer risk for pathologists working in specimen collection rooms, slide making rooms, and diagnosis rooms of pathology departments in selected general hospitals in Jinan City. Xylene exposure induces a higher non-cancer risk in slide making rooms than in other rooms.

关 键 词：病理科 职业危害 致癌风险 非致癌风险 美国环境保护署吸入风险模型 

分 类 号：R135.14[医药卫生—劳动卫生]