莫索湾地区典型沙丘土壤因子与短命植物物种多样性的关系  

Relationship Between Soil Factors and Ephemeral Plant Species Diversity on Typical Sand Dunes in the Mosuowan Region

作　　者：李亚萍 蒋进[1] 宋春武[1,2] 李浙华 LI Ya-ping;JIANG Jin;SONG Chun-wu;LI Zhe-hua(Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Urumqi 830000,Xinjiang,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beifing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830000 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《干旱区研究》2018年第4期912-919,共8页Arid Zone Research

基　　金：国家科技部对发展中国家科技援助项目:中-哈“丝绸之路经济带”新兴城市生态屏障建设技术合作研究(KY201502003)

摘　　要：以古尔班通古特沙漠南缘莫索湾为研究区,选取植被盖度依次为10%、15%的固定半固定沙丘以及植被盖度为30%的固定沙丘作为典型样地,用典范排序（CCA）的方法对该地区样方、环境因子与物种多度之间进行对应分析,用典型相关分析的方法对各样地物种多样性与地形因子、土壤理化因子之间进行相关分析。结果表明：物种与环境因子之间存在显著的相关关系,前4轴可以解释物种总变异的84.4%,土壤砂粒是影响物种分布一个较为敏感的指示性因子,物种大量分布在土壤砂粒所在的排序轴上;受地形影响较大的物种有硬萼软紫草、黄花珀菊、砂蓝刺头、刺沙蓬;受土壤有机质、土壤水分、土壤p H影响显著的物种有齿稃草、角果藜、黄耆、尖喙牦牛儿苗。不同指标体系的典型相关分析结果表明：地形与物种多样性因子之间第一对典范相关系数为0.54,土壤理化因子与物种多样性的第一对典范系数分别为0.93、0.96,第二对典范系数分别为0.79、0.80,存在着显著的相关关系。地形因子中,坡向主要影响物种丰富度指数Simpson;土壤理化因子中,砂粒和土壤有机质主要影响优势度指数Shannon,土壤含水量和p H主要影响均匀度指数Pielou。该区域物种分布状态是由地形和土壤因子共同作用。In this study,the fixed dunes with vegetation coverage of 10%,15% and 30% in the Mosuowan region in southern marginal zone of the Gurbantunggut Desert were selected as the typical sample plots to analyze the quadrats,environmental factors and species abundance using the canonical correlation and the means of canonical correlation analysis. Moreover,the relationships among the species diversity and the terrain factors as well as the soil physicochemical factors were analyzed. The results showed that there was a significant correlation between the species and the environmental factors,the first 4 axes could be used to explain 84. 4% of total species variation,and soil sand was a sensitive indicator of species distribution. Species were distributed in a large number along the axes. Terrain affected significantly the species of Arnebia decumbens,Amberboa turanica,Echinops gmelinii and Salsola ruthenica; the species that were affected significantly by soil organic matter content,soil moisture content and soil p H value were Schismus arabicus,Ceratocarpus arenarius,Astragalus membranaceus and Erodium oxyrrhynchum. Results of the typical correlation analysis of different indicator groups revealed that the first pair of canonical correlation coefficient between the terrain and the species diversity was 0. 54,the first pairs of canonical coefficients of soil physicochemical factors and species diversity were 0. 93 and 0. 96,the second pairs of canonical coefficients were 0. 79 and 0. 80,respectively,and there was a significant correlation. Among the topographical factors,the slope index affected mainly the species richness index Simpson; among the soil physicochemical factors,sand and soil organic matter content affected mainly the dominance index Shannon,and soil moisture content and p H value affected mainly the evenness index Pielou. The distribution of species in the study area was jointly affected by both terrain and soil factors.

关 键 词：土壤因子 短命植物 物种多样性 典范排序(CCA) 典范相关分析 莫索湾 新疆 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]