室内模拟水分因素对直播稻田主要杂草萌发出苗的影响  

Effects of Simulated Indoor Moisture on Germination and Emergence of Main Weeds in Direct-Seeded

作　　者：邓泽奕 岳勇志 薛静怡 唐易 王立峰 DENG Ze-yi;YUE Yong-zhi;XUE Jing-yi;TANG Yi;WANG Li-feng(Hunan Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute,Changsha 410125,PRC;Changjun High School of Changsha,Changsha 410002,PRC)

机构地区：[1]湖南省农业生物技术研究所,湖南长沙410125 [2]长沙市长郡中学,湖南长沙410002

出　　处：《湖南农业科学》2018年第5期64-67,共4页Hunan Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0301505);湖南省自然科学基金项目(2016JJ6060)

摘　　要：水稻直播作为一种劳动力节约型的栽培方式,推广应用面积不断扩大。但草害趋重,已成为直播水稻优质高产的主要障碍因子。研究结合培养皿及盆栽试验生测,探索了营养液浓度、盐碱胁迫、淹水深度及种子漂浮4种水分因素对直播稻田主要优势种杂草萌发出苗的影响。结果表明:(1)营养液浓度对杂草种子的萌发并没有显著影响,中低浓度营养液会促进杂草胚根、胚芽的伸长。(2)盐碱胁迫杂草的萌发出苗呈现低浓度促进,高浓度抑制的规律趋势。(3)杂草对淹水的敏感度由大到小为千金子>马唐>稗草,水深4 cm时,马唐和千金子的萌发出苗几乎完全被抑制。(4)各杂草漂浮种子量均随时间延长而降低,种子沉降率在24 h后会急剧增加,且沉降的种子萌发率显著大于漂浮种子的萌发率。As a labor-saving cultivation method, the direct-seeded rice area has been expanding in application.but weed damage has become the main reason to the quality and yield of direct-seeded rice. This article combines petri dishes and pot test bioassay methods, and explored the effects of nutrient solution concentration, saline-alkali stress, depth of flooding, and seed floating on the main dominant weeds of direct-seeded. The results showed that：（1） The concentration of nutrient solution had no significant effect on the germination of weed seeds, and medium or low concentration of nutrient solution could promote the elongation of weed radicles and embryos.（2） Salinealkali-stressed weeds exhibited that the regular is low concentration promotion and high concentration inhibition.（3） The sensitivity of flooding ranged from small to large is Leptochloa chinensis Digitaria sanguinalis Barnyard grass. when the water depth is 4 cm, the growth of Digitaria sanguinalis and Leptochloa chinensis were almost completely suppressed.（4） As time going on, the floating seeds of weeds was decreasing. After 24 hours, the seed sedimentation rate was increasing sharply. And the germination rate of the settled seeds was significantly larger than the floating seeds.

关 键 词：水稻 杂草 直播稻田 生态防控 

分 类 号：S451[农业科学—植物保护]