秸秆露天焚烧典型大气污染物排放因子  

Emission factors of typical air pollutants from open burning of crop straws

作　　者：王艳 郝炜伟[1] 程轲 支国瑞 易鹏[3] 樊静[1] WANG Yan1,2, HAO Wei-wei1, CHENG Ke1, ZHI Guo-rui3, YI Peng3, FAN Jing1(1.Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China;2.School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China;3.Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, Chin)

机构地区：[1]河南师范大学环境学院黄淮水环境与污染防治教育部重点实验室,河南新乡453007 [2]新乡医学院公共卫生学院,河南新乡453003 [3]中国环境科学研究院,北京100012

出　　处：《中国环境科学》2018年第6期2055-2061,共7页China Environmental Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(21507024;21407122);中国博士后科学基金资助项目(2015M580631);河南省博士后科研项目(2015074;2015077);河南师范大学青年科学基金资助项目(2014QK23)

摘　　要：利用烟气污染物稀释采样系统,基于实际测试,针对玉米、小麦、花生和棉花4种农作物秸秆开展露天焚烧排放大气污染物采集和分析.利用修正燃烧效率区分燃烧状态,根据碳平衡法计算烟气中颗粒物和气态污染物排放因子.结果表明,4种秸秆露天焚烧CO、SO_2、NO_x和CH_4平均排放因子分别在7.39~92.4g/kg、0.11~0.89g/kg、0.72~3.86g/kg和0.2~5.45g/kg之间,PM_(2.5)平均排放因子在1.48~13.29g/kg之间.OC和EC的质量分别占PM_(2.5)全部质量的27.7%~54.3%和4.4%~17.1%,是PM_(2.5)的主要组成成分.污染物排放主要来自混合燃烧状态,焖烧状态排放污染物浓度相对较高.随着含水率升高,焖烧过程增强显著,CO、CH_4、PM_(2.5)和OC的排放因子升高,其中PM_(2.5)排放量增高主要是由OC排放占比升高导致.Air pollutants emission from open burning of typical crop straws（including corn, wheat, peanut, and cotton） were characterized by using the flue gas pollutants dilution sampling system. The parameter of modified combustion efficiency（MCE） was applied to distinguish different combustion states. The carbon-balance methodology was adopted to calculate emission factors of particulate and gaseous air pollutants of flue gas from open burning. The results showed that the average emission factors of CO, SO2, NOx and CH4 from the open burning of four crop straws were 7.3992.4 g/kg, 0.110.89 g/kg, 0.723.86 g/kg and 0.25.45 g/kg, respectively. The average emission factor of PM2.5 was 1.4813.29 g/kg. As the main component of PM2.5, the mass ratio of organic carbon（OC） and elemental carbon（EC） accounted for 27.7%54.3% and 4.4%17.1% of the total mass of PM2.5, respectively. Air pollutants mainly came from the mixed combustion state. The concentration of pollutants during the smoldering combustion state was relatively higher. With the increasing of moisture content, the duration of smoldering combustion state was prolonged significantly, which caused the emission factors of CO, CH4, PM2.5 and OC increased. The higher proportion of OC component was the main reason of increased PM2.5 emission.

关 键 词：秸秆 露天焚烧 修正燃烧效率(MCE) 大气污染物 排放因子 

分 类 号：X513[环境科学与工程—环境工程]