西藏高寒区低温融雪水灌溉研究进展与展望  

Progress and prospect of effect of snowmelt water irrigation on soil and pasture in frigid regions of Tibet

作　　者：汤鹏程[1,2] 徐冰[1,2] 李泽坤[2] 何蒙 TANG Pengcheng;XU Bing;LI Zekunz;HE Meng(China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100038,China;Institute of Water Resources for Pastoral Area,China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Hohhot,Inner Mongolia 010020,China;Hebei Institute of Water Resource,Shijiazhuang,Hebei 050000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水利水电科学研究院流域水循环模拟与调控国家重点实验室,北京100038 [2]中国水利水电科学研究院牧区水利科学研究所,内蒙古呼和浩特010020 [3]河北省水利科学研究院,河北石家庄050000

出　　处：《排灌机械工程学报》2018年第10期1029-1034,共6页Journal of Drainage and Irrigation Machinery Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51579158;51609154);中国水利水电科学研究院科研专项(MK2017J02)

摘　　要：低温融雪水是西藏高寒区的重要灌溉水源,然而由于西藏高海拔地区低压低氧、强辐射、近地层冷热交换频繁,加之地表土层薄,低温融雪水利用不当容易对作物造成寒害,为了能高效地利用低温融雪水灌溉,解决西藏高寒区的关键科学问题,依次对低温水灌溉对土壤特性的影响、低温水灌溉对作物生长的影响、西藏高寒区低温水灌溉现状等国内外研究现状进行分析,并总结出其面临的关键科学问题.研究分析表明,未来应围绕融雪水-土壤-牧草耦合界面开展研究,探求低温融雪水灌溉条件下耦合界面各要素(土壤水热、根系吸水特征、牧草生长与生理生态)之间的互作机制与联动过程,揭示融雪水灌溉条件下牧草受到寒害胁迫的作用机理,创新高寒区融雪水调控灌溉理论.作物生理与土壤水热等多学科交叉研究是降低低温融雪水灌溉危害的重要研究手段.研究结果有助于西藏高寒区提出低温融雪水合理利用模式,提升高寒区牧草产量.Snowmelt water is an important water source for frigid region in Tibet. However, owing to the low pressure, low oxygen, strong solar radiation, frequent heat transfer and thin soil layer, impro- per application of low-temperature snowmeh water will cause chilling injury for the pasting. The infil- tration and runoff of low-temperature snowmeh water are important for agricultural water cycles, effi- cient water use and irrigation and it is one of landmark hydrological processes in frigid regions. There- fore, efficient use of snowmeh irrigation becomes a key scientific problem that needs to be solved in Tibet frigid regions. The present situation of low-temperature water irrigation and the effect of low-tem- perature water on soil and plants in Tibet were reviewed. The multi disciplinary including subjects of crop physiology, irrigation and water conservancy is the priority for reducing the hazard of low-tempera- ture snowmeh in frigid regions of Tibet. The research results are helpful to raise the reasonable utiliza- tion mode of low-temperature snowmeh water in frigid regions of Tibet and increase the yield of pasture in frigid regions.

关 键 词：西藏高寒区 低温 融雪水 灌溉 牧草 

分 类 号：S271[农业科学—农业水土工程]