根区注射平衡追肥对旱塬苹果产量及品质的影响  

Effects of balanced dressing of N,P and K fertilizers by injecting fertilizer solution into root zone on apple yield and quality in Weibei Dryland

作　　者：章伟 师江澜 陈艳龙 李秀双 李有兵 田霄鸿 ZHANG Wei;SHI Jianglan;CHEN Yanlong;LI Xiushuang;LI Youbing;TIAN Xiaohong(Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrient and the Agri-environment in Northwest China,Ministry of Agriculture,College of Natural Resources and Environment,Northwest A ＆ F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,农业部西北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《西北农林科技大学学报（自然科学版）》2018年第5期59-68,共10页Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD14B11); 国家自然科学基金项目(41371288)

摘　　要：【目的】研究根区注射平衡追肥处理对渭北旱塬苹果品质、产量及养分利用的影响,为渭北旱塬苹果水肥管理提供参考。【方法】在陕西渭北旱塬苹果园,于施用6 000kg/hm^2基肥(NPK总养分为1 350kg/hm^2)的基础上,以当地常用追肥处理(沟施追肥1次+根区注射追肥2次,果树全生长周期NPK养分投入为2 557kg/hm^2,其中追施的NPK总养分为1 207kg/hm^2,追施的N、P_2O_5、K_2O用量分别为374,145,688kg/hm^2)为对照(CK),探讨根区注射平衡追肥处理(根区注射追肥4次,果树全生长周期NPK养分总投入为2 000kg/hm^2,其中追施的NPK总养分为650.2kg/hm^2,追施的N、P_2O_5、K_2O用量分别为179.8,105.0,365.4kg/hm^2)苹果品质、产量、养分利用效果的变化,并分析苹果果实中N、P、K、Zn、Fe、Se等6种营养元素与其品质的相关性。【结果】与常用追肥处理相比,根区注射平衡追肥处理的N,P_2O_5,K_2O用量分别减少了52%,28%和47%,追施的NPK总养分用量减少了46%,但产量可达到与常用追肥处理同样的高产水平。根区注射平衡追肥处理大果率(果径≥75mm)提高17.5%,苹果硬度、可溶性糖、糖酸比、Vc含量分别增加7%,27%,30%和112%,果实中Zn、Fe、Se含量分别增加122%,174%和41%。果实营养元素与品质的相关性分析表明,根区注射平衡追肥处理果实Zn、Fe含量的大幅度提升与其Vc含量明显增加之间具有内在一致性。【结论】根区注射平衡追肥方法发挥了高效水肥耦合作用,提高了苹果树体对氮磷钾等养分的吸收利用效率,达到节肥、稳产与提质的效果,值得在渭北旱区苹果园中积极推广应用。【Objective】The study investigated the effects of balanced dressing of N,P and K fertilizers by injecting fertilizer solution into root zone on apple yield,quality and nutrient utilization to provide basis for water and fertilizer management in Weibei Dryland.【Method】The experiment with two treatments was conducted in an apple field in Weibei Dryland,Shaanxi.The new balanced dressing method injecting fertilizer solution into root zone（SF）was the treatment and local commonly used dressing method（fertilization with large fertilizers and high level fertilizer solution together）was taken as control（CK）.The two dressing treatments had same basal fertilizers（1 350 kg/hm^2 total nutrient of N,P2O5 and K2O）.The amountsof N,P2O5 and K2O were 374,145 and 688 kg/hm^2 for CK and 179.8,105.0,365.4 kg/hm^2 for SF.Then,the changes in yield,quality of apple and nutrient utilization were investigated and the relationships between six nutrient elements（N,P,K,Zn,Fe,Se）in fruit and quality were analyzed.【Result】Compared to CK,SF could maintain the same high yield while the dressing amounts of N,P2O5,and K2O fertilizers were decreased by 52%,28% and 47%,and total fertilizers amount was decreased by 46%.SF increased big fruit ratio（fruit diameter≥75 mm）,hardness,soluble sugar,sugar to acid ratio and vitamin C by 17.5%,7%,27%,30% and 112%,respectively.SF increased Zn,Fe,and Se concentrations in apple fruits by 122%,174%,and 41%,respectively.The correlation analysis showed that there was inherent consistency between high concentrations of Zn,Fe and vitamin C.【Conclusion】The balanced dressing method by injection into the roots zone（SF treatment）enhanced the coupling effectiveness of water and fertilizer nutrients,promoted absorption of N,P and K nutrients,and improved fertilizer-saving,yield and quality improvement.This,it is suggested to be widely used in apple orchards of Weibei Dryland.

关 键 词：苹果:根区注射平衡追肥 产量与品质 水肥耦合 渭北旱塬 

分 类 号：S661.106.2[农业科学—果树学]