堆体规模对牛粪堆肥氨气和温室气体排放的影响  

Effect of pile scale on emissions of ammonia and greenhouse gas during cattle manure composting

作　　者：朱海生[1] 左福元[1] 董红敏[2] 栾冬梅[3] 袁丰[1] 饶骏[1] ZHU Haisheng;ZUO Fuyuan;DONG Hongmin;LUAN Dongmei;YUAN Feng;RAO Jun(Department of Animal Science,Rongchang Campus of Southwest University,Chongqing 402460,China;Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China;College of animal science and Technology,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin,Heilongjiang 150030,China)

机构地区：[1]西南大学荣昌校区动物科学系,重庆402460 [2]中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所,北京100081 [3]东北农业大学动物科学技术学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150030

出　　处：《西北农林科技大学学报（自然科学版）》2018年第5期77-84,共8页Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项(XDJK2015C127);西南大学肉牛工程中心资助项目;西南大学实验技术研究项目(SYJ2016057)

摘　　要：【目的】分析堆体规模对牛粪堆肥过程中氨气和温室气体排放的影响,为减少温室气体排放提供参考。【方法】采用牛粪与锯末混合物进行堆肥,调节含水率约为66%,牛粪、锯末混合物的质量分别为109.24,217.52和429.53kg,每周翻堆2次。通过发酵棚+INNOVA 1412i多种气体分析仪+INNOVA 1409-24多点采样器测量系统,对3种规模堆肥过程中氨气和温室气体排放进行不间断测试,每小时测量1次进气口和排气口氨气、氧化亚氮、甲烷和二氧化碳的质量浓度,进而对堆肥过程中的温室气体排放进行分析与评价。【结果】单位质量堆肥的氨气、甲烷和氧化亚氮排放率随着堆体规模的增加而增大,CO_2排放率则随堆体规模增加而减小。NH_3-N和N_2O-N分别占堆体初始总氮的12.59%~17.44%和3.29%~4.62%,CH_4-C和CO_2-C分别占堆体初始总有机碳的0.31%~0.41%和20.70%~30.98%。各处理单位质量堆肥的总温室气体排放量(CO_2基础)为241.20~257.36g/kg。【结论】牛粪堆肥过程中,增加堆体规模能降低总温室气体排放量。【Objective】This study investigated the effect of compost pile scale on NH3 and greenhouse gas（N2O,CH4,and CO2）emissions during cattle manure composting.【Method】Fresh cattle manure was mixed completely with sawdust to adjust the moisture content to 66%.Initial fresh weights of mixtures were about 109.24,217.52 and 429.53 kg,respectively.The mixtures were completely turned twice each week.Continuous measurements of NH3 and greenhouse gas emissions were carried out using a chamber system,which included chambers,Gas-Monitor-INNOVA 1412 iand multipoint sampler-INNOVA 1409-24.NH3,CH4,N2O and CO2 mass concentrations in exhaust air and inlet air of the chamber were measured every hour.【Result】The emission rates of NH3,N2O and CH4 per unit compost increased with the increase of composting pile scale.However,smaller composting pile had higher emission of CO2.The emission rates of NH3-N and N2O-N were 12.59%-17.44% and 3.29%-4.62% of total nitrogen in the initial fresh ma-nure.The emission rates of CH4-C and CO2-C accounted for 0.31%-0.41% and 20.70%-30.98% of total organic carbon in the initial fresh manure.Total greenhouse gas emissions（based on CO2）were 241.20-257.36 g/kg of fresh weight.【Conclusion】Larger scale composting pile decreased total greenhouse gas emissions during cattle manure composting.

关 键 词：牛粪 堆肥 堆体规模 氨气 温室气体 

分 类 号：S141.4[农业科学—肥料学] X511[农业科学—农业基础科学]