温室番茄对增施不同浓度CO_2的光合响应  

Photosynthetic responses of tomato to different concentrations of CO_2 enrichment in greenhouse

作　　者：张振花 袁宏霞 刘洋[1] 李靖 郑金英 孙胜[1] 邢国明[1] ZHANG Zhen-hua;YUAN Hong-xia;LIU Yang;LI Jing;ZHENG Jin-ying;SUN Sheng;XING Guo-ming(College of Horticultural,Shanxi Agricultural University/Greenhouse Vegetable Quality Improving Synergy Innovation Center of Shanxi Province,Taigu,Shanxi,030801,China)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学园艺学院/山西省设施蔬菜提质增效协同创新中心,山西太谷030801

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2018年第4期1010-1018,共9页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：山西省煤基重点科技攻关项目(FT201402-08);山西农业大学博士科研启动项目(2015ZZ16)资助

摘　　要：【目的】日光温室冬春季栽培中CO_2严重匮乏,探明增施不同浓度CO_2对温室番茄光合特性的影响,明确北方地区日光温室番茄各生育期适宜生长的CO_2浓度,可为其生产实践提供理论依据。【方法】用塑料膜将试验温室隔出四个52m^2独立面积的隔间,于定植一周后到试验结束(2016年11月—2017年4月)采用CO_2自动释放控制系统,通过调整CO_2钢瓶上的流量计控制气体流速和循流风机将CO_2均匀施入试验区,增施时间为晴天9:00—11:00,14:00—16:00。设增施3个CO_2浓度水平:(600±20)、(800±25)、(1000±30)μmol/mol,以大气CO_2浓度(400±15)μmol/mol为对照,‘兴海12号’番茄为试验材料,在温室内进行小区试验。分别于番茄苗期、开花期、幼果期及成熟期,选取生长势一致的植株生长点以下第3或4片功能叶片,采用80%丙酮浸提法测定其光合色素含量,采用美国LI-COR公司的LI-6400便携式光合仪测定其光合特性参数,计算光合色素含量、光合作用、光响应曲线特征参数以及番茄产量对不同CO_2浓度变化的响应。【结果】增施CO_2显著增加了番茄各生育期光合色素含量,增幅在开花期和幼果期较大。叶绿素a和叶绿素b含量均以CO_2(1000±30)μmol/mol处理的增幅最大;类胡萝卜素含量在开花期以CO_2(800±25)μmol/mol处理增幅最大,其他生育期均以(1000±30)μmol/mol浓度的增幅最大。番茄叶片净光合速率、胞间CO_2浓度及水分利用效率于各生育时期均显著增加,以CO_2(1000±30)μmol/mol的增幅最大,(800±25)μmol/mol次之;气孔导度与蒸腾速率则随着增施的CO_2浓度的升高而显著降低。增施CO_2能不同程度提高番茄各生育期叶片光饱和点、最大净光合速率及表观量子效率,降低番茄叶片光补偿点,且均以CO_2(1000±30)μmol/mol效果最佳,(800±25)μmol/mol效果次之。【结论】供试条件下,增施CO_2后显著增加了番茄在开花结果期的光合能力,提高�[Objectives]Inefficient supply of CO2 during the growth season of plants is often in winter or spring in solar greenhouse. The suitable CO2 supply concentration was studied for the greenhouse vegetable production in north China[Methods]Field plot experiment was conducted inside greenhouse using tomato cultivar ‘xinghai 12’ as materials. The greenhouse was divided into four independent compartments with plastic film, each had a planting area of 52 m2. Taking air CO2 400 μmol/mol as control, CO2 levels of （600 ±20） μmol/mol, （800 ±25） μmol/mol and （1000 ±30） μmol/mol were setup in each compartments throughout the experiment from Nov 2016 to Apr 2017. Using an automatic CO2 release system, CO2 supply concentration was regulated through the CO2 flow meter of the cylinder and spread evenly into each pilot area by assistant of the circulation fan. CO2 was released twice a day at 9：00-11：00 in the morning and 14：00-16：00 in the afternoon on sunny days. The photosynthetic indexes of tomato plants were measured using the LI-6400 photosynthesis analyzer at the seedling stage, flowering stage, young fruit stage and mature stage, respectively.[Results]CO2 enrichment treatments significantly increased the photosynthetic pigment contents of tomato at all the tested growth stages, with the high increment at flowering and young fruit stages. The highest increment in chlorophyll a and b were obtained in treatment of CO2 （1000 ±30） μmol/mol; the highest increment of carotenoid was CO2 （800 ±25） μmol/mol at flowering stage and was （1000 ±30） μmol/mol at the other stages. The net photosynthetic rate, intercellular CO2 concentration and water use efficiency were significantly increased by CO2 supply at all the growth stages, and with the largest increment in the treatment of CO2 （1000 ±30） μmol/mol, and followed by the CO2 （800 ±25） μmol/mol. The stomatal conductance and transpiration rate were significantly reduced in the increase of CO2 supply concentration. Supplying CO2

关 键 词：番茄 CO2施肥 生育期 光合特性 产量 

分 类 号：S626[农业科学—园艺学] S641.2