氮、磷肥对蓖麻吸收积累矿区土壤铜的影响  

Effect of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer application on uptake and accumulation of Cu by castor(Ricinus communis L.) in mine soil

作　　者：姚诗源 郭光光 周修佩 任超 黄国勇[1] 胡红青[1] YAO Shi-yuan;GUO Guang-guang;ZHOU Xiu-pei;REN Chao;HUANG Guo-yong;HU Hong-qing(College of Resource and Environment,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,Chin)

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学资源与环境学院,武汉430070

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2018年第4期1068-1076,共9页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41371170)资助

摘　　要：【目的】蓖麻是在铜矿区发现的耐性植物,其吸收积累铜的能力较强,但铜矿区土壤异常贫瘠,营养元素极度缺乏,蓖麻生长受限,为提高蓖麻生物量,实现其对铜的高吸收积累,本试验研究施用氮、磷肥对铜矿区蓖麻生长及其吸收积累铜的影响。【方法】盆栽试验的蓖麻种子和土壤采自湖北省大冶市铜绿山镇铜矿坑周边,氮肥选用NH_4NO_3,磷肥选用NaH_2PO_4,氮磷肥各设置4个水平(氮肥0、75、150、300 mg/kg,磷肥0、20、80、200 mg/kg),进行双因素完全随机设计试验,共16个处理,每个处理3次重复。在云母基质中育苗,待蓖麻长出2片真叶后移栽,于矿区土壤中培育2个月后收获,测定蓖麻叶片SPAD值、干重、铜含量和土壤pH值、不同形态铜含量,计算蓖麻铜积累量和转运系数。【结果】氮肥单施时,蓖麻叶片SPAD值随施氮量增加而增加,蓖麻干重、铜积累量以N_(75)P_0处理最高,与其他处理差异显著;磷肥单施时,蓖麻干重以N_0P_(20)处理最高,与其他处理差异显著,体内铜含量随磷肥用量增加先增加后减少最后又增加,在N_0P_(200)处理时最大。氮、磷肥同时施用对蓖麻叶片SPAD值、干重、铜含量、铜积累量、转运系数有显著交互作用。低量氮肥、低量磷肥配施可增加蓖麻干重,显著降低蓖麻铜积累量;高量氮肥、低量磷肥配施对蓖麻生长有抑制作用,蓖麻干重低于不施肥处理(N_0P_0);低量氮肥、高量磷肥配施对蓖麻干重的增加作用最显著,同时蓖麻体内铜积累量达到最大,铜的转运系数降到最低;高量氮肥、高量磷肥配施可显著增加蓖麻叶片SPAD值。N_(75)P_(200)处理蓖麻总干重最大,比N_0P_0增加133%;N_(300)P_(20)处理蓖麻根部铜浓度最高,是N_0P_0处理的2.88倍;N_(75)P_(200)处理蓖麻吸收的铜总量最高,达到34.93μg/株。施肥时土壤pH值降低不到0.1个单位,种植蓖麻后土壤pH值降低0.2~0.4个单位。施肥对土壤中铜形�[Objectives]Castor （Ricinus communis L.） is found to be one of the tolerant plants in mine area, and is good at absorbing and accumulating Cu. Mine soils are infertile and thus result in reduced castor growth. The experiment was tried to improve the growth of castor through nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization, to put good use of castor in Cu uptake and accumulation in mine areas.[Methods]Both the castor seeds and soils used for a pot experiment were collected from the Cu mine, Daye City, Hubei Province. Four concentrations of nitrogen （NH4NO3） and phosphate （NaH2PO4） were set up （N 0, 75, 150 and 300 mg/kg; P 0, 20, 80 and 200 mg/kg）. Caster seeds were grown in mica substrates until two real leaves were developed, then transferred into mine soils for treatments. After two months of growth, casters were harvested, and SPAD values, dry weight, Cu content, soil pH and different forms of Cu were analyzed, and Cu accumulation and transfer rates were calculated.[Results]Under the single application of nitrogen fertilizer, the SPAD values were increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate, and the dry weight and Cu accumulation of castor reached a maximum at N75P0, which was significantly different with the other treatments. Under the single application of phosphate fertilizer, the castor had the heaviest dry weight in N0P20, which was significantly different with the other treatments, and the Cu accumulation of castor was increased first, then decreased and finally increased, reaching the maximum at N0P200. There were significant effects of nitrogen and phosphorus on SPAD values, dry weight, Cu content, Cu accumulation and transfer rate （P 〈 0.05）. Low nitrogen and phosphate fertilizer amounts increased the dry weight of castor and significantly reduced the Cu accumulation of castor. The application of high nitrogen and low phosphate amounts inhibited the growth of castor, and the dry weight of castor was lower than that of the N0P0. The low nitrogen and high phosphate treatments had

关 键 词：蓖麻 铜 氮肥 磷肥 

分 类 号：S565.6[农业科学—作物学]