闽东北外海哈氏仿对虾数量分布及群体结构特征  

Quantitative Distribution and Population Structure of Parapenaeopsis hardwickii in the Outer-sea of Northeast Fujian

作　　者：叶孙忠[1,2] 刘勇 郭书悦[1,2] 蔡建堤 马超 徐春燕[1,2] 庄之栋 沈长春[1,2] YE Sun-zhong;LIU Yong;GUO Shu-yue;CAI Jian-di;MA Chao;XU Chun-yan;ZHUANG Zhi-dong;SHEN Chang-chun(Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian;Key Laboratory of Cultivation and High-value Utilization of Marine Organisms in Fujian Province,Xiamen 361013,China)

机构地区：[1]福建省水产研究所 [2]福建省海洋生物增养殖与高值化利用重点实验室,福建厦门361013

出　　处：《广东海洋大学学报》2018年第3期30-36,共7页Journal of Guangdong Ocean University

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2007BAD43B01)

摘　　要：【目的】研究哈氏仿对虾在闽东北外海数量分布及其群体结构特征。【方法】2008年5月(春)、8月(夏)、11月(秋)和2009年2月(冬)开展闽东北外海海域(26o^28oN、120o^125o30′E)虾类资源调查。【结果】哈氏仿对虾渔获量占虾类总生物量的4.8%,出现频率为22.4%,总渔获量平均密度指数为3.47 kg·km^(-2),出现站位渔获量平均密度指数范围0.04~60.11 kg·km^(-2),平均为15.50 kg·km^(-2)。以2008年8月和11月数量为多,其渔获量分别占总渔获量的35.6%和40.0%,渔获量平均密度指数分别为4.78 kg·km^(-2)和5.56 kg·km^(-2),2009年2月和2008年5月数量较少。水深60 m以内的调查站位出现频率为100%,渔获量占总渔获量的73.4%,渔获量平均密度指数达16.44 kg·km^(-2),最高达60.11 kg·km^(-2);水深60~80 m出现频率为31.2%,渔获量占总渔获量的23.7%,渔获量平均密度指数为5.97 kg·km^(-2);水深大于100 m的海域没有哈氏仿对虾分布。渔获的哈氏仿对虾体长范围为32~119mm,优势体长组为80~100 mm,占54.8%;雌虾平均体长和体质量分别为86.2 mm和7.2 g,雄虾则分别为66.5 mm和3.1 g;雌雄性比为1︰0.11,雌性性腺成熟度以Ⅲ期和Ⅱ期为主,分别占34.0%和24.5%,生殖群体占相当比率,Ⅳ期以上个体占29.3%;空胃率和饱胃率均较低,平均摄食等级为1.62。【结论】哈氏仿对虾数量分布时空变化明显,主要出现于夏、秋季,春季数量很少,在空间分布上主要栖息于调查海区水深60 m以内的近岸海域,渔汛期为2-5月和8-11月,秋末冬初向深水区作适温徊游。雌虾个体明显大于雄性个体,且数量明显多于雄性,摄食强度中等略大,不同季节和不同性别平均摄食等级没有显著差异。【Objective】Studied and analyzed the quantitative distribution and population structure of P. hardwickii.【Method】The shrimp survey of four seasons was conducted in the outer-sea of Northeast Fujian（26° – 28° N,120° – 125°30′ E） in May, August, November of 2008 and February of 2009.【Result】The catch of P. hardwickii accounted for 4.8% of the total biomass of shrimp, and the total frequency was 22.4%. The average density index of total catch was 3.47 kg·km-2. The average density index of appearance station ranged from 0.04 to 60.11 kg·km-2, with an average of 15.50 kg·km-2. The quantity in August and November 2008 was higher with the total catch accounted for 35.6% and 40% respectively. The average density index of the catch was lower in February 2009 and May 2008 with.4.78 kg·km-2 and 5.56 kg·km-2 respectively The frequency of the survey station within 60 m depth was 100%, and the catch accounted for 73.4% of the total catch. The average density index of the catch was 16.44 kg·km-2 and increased to 60.11 kg·km-2, the frequency of 60 to 80 m depth of water was 31.2%, the catch accounted for 23.7% of the total catch, the average density index was5.97 kg·km-2, and the depth of water more than 100 m had no distribution. The body length varied between 32 and 119 mm with the dominant between 80 to 100 mm which occupying 54.8%; the average body length and weight of the female were 86.2 mm and 7.2 g, and the male were 66.5 mm and 3.1 g respectively. The female and male ratio was 1︰0.11, the feeding intensity was slightly larger, the empty stomach and satiety rate were all low, the average feeding level was 1.62.【Conclusion】The spatial and temporal variation of the quantity distribution of P. hardwickii was obvious. This mainly occurred in summer and autumn, and the quantity of spring was very low. The spatial distribution is mainly inhabited by the offshore waters within 60 m depth. The fishing season was from February to May and August to November. To make suitable temperature and m

关 键 词：哈氏仿对虾 数量分布 群体结构 闽东北外海 

分 类 号：Q959.223[生物学—动物学]