废弃荧光灯处置技术研究进展  

Review on disposal technology of spent fluorescent lamps

作　　者：李鹏辉 邹晓燕[1] 张洪武[1] LI Penghui;ZOU Xiaoyan;ZHANG Hongwu(Institute of Urban Environment,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xiamen 361021,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院城市环境研究所,厦门361021 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《科技导报》2018年第13期50-57,共8页Science & Technology Review

基　　金：环保公益性行业科研专项(201509054)

摘　　要：汞是对人体毒害最大的5种重金属之一,由废弃荧光灯引起的汞污染问题日益严重。目前,国内外废弃荧光灯的处理方式以填埋和焚烧法为主,这两种处理方式都对周围环境和人类健康造成巨大的潜在威胁。此外,废弃荧光灯含有稀土元素以及铜、铅、汞等可重复利用的二次资源。本文总结了国内外废弃荧光灯的主要处置技术及存在的优缺点,着重阐述了废弃荧光灯管资源化、汞的无害化以及从废弃荧光灯中回收稀土金属的方法。分析表明,采用回收利用法,利用新型的纳米材料（如纳米硒等）对汞进行无害化处理、绿色环保的稀土回收方法在未来具有良好的发展前景。Mercury is one of the most toxic heavy metals to human beings. Meanwhile, mercury pollution which is triggered by waste fluorescent lamps widely used in our daily life is becoming a more and more serious problem. In recent years, landfill and incineration have been the main disposal methods for waste fluorescent lamps at home and abroad, posing a huge potential threat to the surrounding environment and human health. On the other hand, fluorescent lamps contain large amounts of reusable secondary resources, such as rare earth elements, copper and lead. Therefore, this review summarizes the major disposal technologies of waste fluorescent lamps at home and abroad, as well as their advantages and disadvantages, focusing on the recycling of waste fluorescent lamps, harmless disposal of mercury, and recovery methods of rare earth metals from waste fluorescent lamps. Finally, the article indicates that the recycling method, new type of nanomaterials （such as nano-selenium, etc.） for harmless treatment of mercury, and environment friendly recovery methods of rare earth all have good prospects in the future.

关 键 词：废弃荧光灯 荧光粉回收 汞无害化 稀土金属 

分 类 号：X705[环境科学与工程—环境工程]