改革开放40年高考招生制度改革述评  

A Review of the College Entrance Examination System Reform since the Reform and Opening up

作　　者：苏娜[1] 魏晓宇[2] SU Na;WEI Xiaoyu(Shanghai Academy of Educational Sciences,Shanghai,200032,Chin;School of Business,East China University of Science and Technology,Shanghai,200237,China)

机构地区：[1]上海市教育科学研究院 [2]华东理工大学商学院

出　　处：《全球教育展望》2018年第7期76-90,共15页Global Education

摘　　要：高考是中国各类考试中最重要、影响最大的考试.1977年恢复统一高考以来,在很长一段时内高考为我国经济建设和社会发展选拔了大量人才,高效率保证了高等教育入学机会的公平,但因其重要性和高竞争性很大程度上造成了应试教育的盛行,一定程度上阻碍了素质教育的推进和创新性人才的培养.纵观历史,为了解决高考顽疾,高考改革40年的改革历程在曲折中逐渐朝着扩大高校招生录取自主权、赋予学生更多选择权、强调科学选材原则、注重公平价值取向等趋势发展,尤其是新一轮高考改革实施后,在先行先试的上海和浙江改革过程中,虽然遭遇了一定的问题和挑战,高校根据学校特色与专业要求提出选考科目要求,根据成绩和专业要求录取学生,考试科目调整更强调突出学生兴趣和选择,更加注重学生的全面发展与综合素质,招生录取政策趋于多元并更加公平.The college entrance examination is the most important and most influential examination of all kinds of examinations in China. Since the reunification of the college entrance examination in 1977, a large number of talents have been selected for the country＇s economic construction and social development in a very long period of time, which has ensured the opportunity fairness of higher education enrollment. However, because of its importance and high degree of competition, it caused the prevalence of exam-oriented education, hindering the advancement of quality education and the cultivation of innovative talents. Throughout the history, in order to solve the stubborn problems of the college entrance examination, the 40-year reform process of the college entrance examination reform has gradually moved towards expanding college admissions autonomy, giving students more choice, focusing on social values, especially in the new round. After the implementation of the college entrance examination reform, the Shanghai and Zhejiang tried first, despite encountering certain problems and challenges, colleges and universities put forward the requirements for selecting examination subjects according to the characteristics of the school and professional requirements, and admitted students according to their grades and professional requirements. Students＇ interests and choices are more strongly emphasized, and students＇ overall development and overall quality are more emphasized. The admission policy of recruiting students tends to be pluralistic and fairer.

关 键 词：高考 高考改革 教育公平 科学性 

分 类 号：G632.474[文化科学—教育学]