矿区排土场不同植物对根区土壤物理性质的改良效果与评价  

Improvement effects and evaluation of different plants on the physical properties of root region soil in a mine dump

作　　者：张志玲 尹志刚[2] 谢伟 夏春园 王东丽 王向磊 翟景轩 ZHANG Zhiling;YIN Zhigang;XIE Wei;XIA Chunyuan;WANG Dongli;WANG Xianglei;ZHAI Jingxuan(College of Environmental Science and Engineering,Liaoning Technique University,123000,Fuxin,Liaoning,China;College of Mining Engineering,Liaoning Technique University,123000,Fuxin,Liaoning,China;Ecological Research Institute,Shendongtianlong Group Corporation Ltd.,017000,Ordos,Inner Mongolia,China;College of Soil and Water Conservation,Beijing Forestry University,100083,Beijing,China)

机构地区：[1]辽宁工程技术大学环境科学与工程学院,辽宁阜新123000 [2]辽宁工程技术大学矿业学院,辽宁阜新123000 [3]神东天隆集团有限责任公司生态研究院,内蒙古鄂尔多斯017000 [4]北京林业大学水土保持学院,北京100083

出　　处：《中国水土保持科学》2018年第3期50-58,共9页Science of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金"基于林龄和密度变化的沙地樟子松人工林地土壤特性演变规律"(31570709);内蒙古自治区科技计划"内蒙古西部矿区生物修复与生态重建技术耦合及应用";中央引导地方"内蒙古矿区中蒙草药生态有机培植技术研发及示范基地建设(201701024)"

摘　　要：为揭示矿区排土场不同植物对根区土壤的改良效果,选取榆树、刺槐、火炬树、紫穗槐、荆条、杠柳等林地和荒草地7种典型植物的根区土壤为研究对象,采用主成分分析法对土壤物理性质进行综合评价。结果表明:7种植物根区土壤的田间持水量在0~50 cm土壤剖面上普遍存在先增加后减小的趋势,火炬树林地各层土壤的田间持水量显著(P<0.05)大于其他植物根区土壤,其次为榆树根区土壤;火炬树根区土壤密度在各层中值最小,而在0~10cm、20~30 cm土壤中,紫穗槐根区土壤密度最大,研究发现乔木林根区土壤比灌木林密度小;7种植被根系周围土壤砂粒质量分数显著大于粉粒与黏粒质量分数,在0~10 cm土层中,杠柳根系附近土壤粉粒与黏粒质量分数最多,在10~20 cm,乔木林土壤粉粒与黏粒质量分数大于灌木林,在30~50 cm处不同植物根区土壤粉粒与黏粒质量分数随土层深度增加而减少;使用主成分分析综合得分得出不同植物对根区土壤物理性质改良效果依次为火炬树>榆树>刺槐>杠柳>荒草地>荆条>紫穗槐。研究结果可为露天煤矿排土场不同植物对根区土壤改良效益评价提供参考,为排土场植被恢复与重建提供依据。[Background] Land deterioration caused by mining exploitation has been highly focused all around the world. The mine soil dump is the main factor causing the ecological issues around the mine sites,such as air pollution,water pollution and soil erosion. Hence,the mine soil restoration and treatment has been considered as a great issue. This article aimed to reveal the performance of various plants in soil improvement of a mine dump. [Methods] To understand the improved effects of differentplants on root region soil in the depth of 0 to 50 cm,three tree species（ Ulmus pumila,Robinia pseudoacacia,and Rhus typhina） and three shrub species（ Amorpha fruticosa,Vitex negundo,and Periploca sepium Bunge） from artificial forests and weeds were selected as research objects. The physical properties around the soil region of different plants were thoroughly evaluated by principal component analysis method. [Results]Field capacity of soil around the root regions of seven plant species generally increased firstly and then decreased as the soil depth increased. The field capacity at each soil layer around the root region of R. typhina was significantly（ P 0. 05） higher than that of other species,followed by that of U. pumila. The soil bulk density at each soil layer around the root region of R.typhina was the lowest among all species. While the soil bulk density at the soil depth of 0 to 10 cm,20 to 30 cm around the root regions of A. fruticosa was the highest among all species. It was found that the soil bulk density around the root regions of tree species was lower than that of shrub species. In the soil around the root regions of seven plant species,the content of sand grain was higher than that of silt and clay grains. At the depth of 0 to 10 cm of soil near the roots of P. sepium,the content of silt and clay grains were greater than others. At the soil depth of 10 to 20 cm,the content of silt and clay grains around the root regions of tree species were higher than that of shrub species. And at the soil depth of

关 键 词：矿区排土场 根区 土壤物理性质 综合评价 

分 类 号：S156.2[农业科学—土壤学]