深层灌水下冬小麦根系分布及吸水能力的研究  

Study on Root Distribution and Water Absorption Capacity of Winter Wheat Under Different Depth Irrigation Treatments

作　　者：王璞 孙西欢[1,2] 马娟娟[1] 郭向红[1] WANG Pu1, SUN Xi-huan1,2, MA Juan-juan1, GUO Xiang-hong1(1.College of Water Resources Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China ; 2. Jinzhong University, Jinzhong 030619, Shanxi Province, Chin)

机构地区：[1]太原理工大学水利科学与工程学院,太原030024 [2]晋中学院,山西晋中030619

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2018年第7期10-14,共5页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51579168);山西省自然科学基金项目(201601D011053)

摘　　要：为研究不同深度灌水条件下冬小麦根系的分布规律及吸水能力,设置5个灌水控制因子,分别为地面灌溉、根系分布深度的40%、60%、75%、90%进行试验研究。结果表明:从地表向地下延伸,冬小麦的根长密度大致呈指数分布;深层灌水显著增加100 cm以下土层冬小麦的根量,各时期100 cm以下冬小麦的根长密度大小关系为T5>T4>T3>T2>T1;冬小麦的蒸腾强度(总吸水速率)随灌水深度的增加呈现先增大后减小的趋势,灌水深度为根系分布深度的75%时吸水速率最大;单位根长潜在根系吸水速率(系数Crp)在冬小麦的生育期内出现先增大后减小的变化趋势,抽穗期出现最大值;不同时期各处理冬小麦单位根长的吸水速率表现为:返青期和拔节期各处理间差异较小,抽穗期各处理间差异较大,且大小规律为T2>T1>T3>T4>T5,灌浆期各处理间大小关系为T1>T2>T3>T4>T5,单位根长潜在根系吸水速率在地面灌处理下最大。In order to study the distribution of root system and water absorption capacity of winter wheat under different irrigation depths, five irrigation control factors are set up in this experiment, including ground irrigation, 40%, 60%, 75% and 90% of the root distribution depth irrigation. The results show that ： ① the root length of winter wheat shows an approximately exponential distribution extending from the surface to the ground; ② underground irrigation significantly increases the root of winter wheat under 100 cm soil depth. The root length density of winter wheat under 100 cm depth in each period is T5〉 T4〉 T3〉 T2〉 T1. ③ With the increase of irrigation depth, the total water absorption rate of winter wheat increases first and then decreases. The transpiration intensity （water absorption rate） is the highest when the irrigation depth is 75% of the root depth distribution. ④ In the growth period of winter wheat, the potential root water uptake rate per unit root length （ Crp ） firstly increases and then decreases, and the maximum value appears in heading stage.⑤ The water absorption rate per unit length of winter wheat in different periods changes as follows： there is small difference among the treatments during Reviving and jointing stage and a large difference among the treatments in processing of heading stage, which is T2〉Tt〉T3〉T4〉T5 in heading stage and T1 〉T2〉T3〉T4〉T5 in milking stage. And under surface irrigation, the potential root water uptake rate per unit root length is the highest.

关 键 词：灌水深度 冬小麦 蒸腾 根系吸水 

分 类 号：S275.9[农业科学—农业水土工程]