流域突发性水污染事故快速模拟与预警系统  

A Fast Simulation and Early Warning System for Basin-scale Emergency Water Environmental Risk

作　　者：王永桂 张潇[2] 张万顺[2] WANG Yonggui;ZHANG Xiao;ZHANG Wanshun(School of Earth Science,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China;School of Resource and Environmental Science,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430079,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学(武汉)地球科学学院,湖北武汉430074 [2]武汉大学资源与环境科学学院,湖北武汉430079

出　　处：《环境科学与技术》2018年第7期164-171,共8页Environmental Science & Technology

基　　金：中国博士后科学基金(2016M602364);国家"十二五"重大科技专项水专项项目(2013ZX07503-001)

摘　　要：流域突发性水环境事故来势凶猛,极大地威胁到人们的生命财产安全,急需能快速模拟不同区域不同物质条件下的水环境快速模拟系统,为水环境安全提供保障。该文针对突发事件在时间和空间上的随机性特点,提出了流域水环境快速模拟系统构架,探讨了有资料地区和无资料地区的水环境快速模拟的关键技术问题。研发了1套适应于不同资料详实程度和不同污染物特点的流域突发性水污染事故快速模拟与预警系统。该系统在长江三峡库区设想突发苯污染物泄露事故和新安江苯酚泄露事故中进行了应用。应用结果表明,该平台能自动识别突发事件的位置信息,根据数据库中关于突发事件所在区域的资料详实程度,启动资料详实或无资料地区的突发水污染事故的模拟,并根据模拟结果,评估突发水污染事件的影响范围与程度,展示突发水污染事故后污染物的空间分布特征和污染团的演进规律,为突发污染事故的应急处置提供支撑。A water quality accident quickly simulated system to providing guarantee for the water environment safety is urgent needed,as basin scale water quality accidents greatly threaten people＇s life and property safety.On the randomness characteristic of the emergencies in time and space,this paper proposed a system architecture for the basin scale water environment quickly simulation.Key technologies about water environment fast simulation in areas with abundant data and other areas with limited data were discussed.A rapid water quality emergency accident early warning system,which is not only adapted to different areas with abundant or limited data but also suitable for different pollutants simulation,has been developed.The system was applied in the Three Gorges Reservoir area of the Yangtze River for an imaginary benzene contaminant leakage accident and in the Xin＇anjiang phenol leakage accident.Application results show that the system can automatically identify the location of the emergency information and choose the correct model for accident simulation according to the detailed level of data.Based on the simulated results,the range and extent of the water pollution accident affection can be assessed.The spatial distribution characteristics of pollutants after the water pollution accident can be visualized,which provides support for sudden pollution accident emergency disposal.

关 键 词：流域水环境 快速模拟 系统平台 突发水污染 水环境突发风险 

分 类 号：X32[环境科学与工程—环境工程]