中国土地利用和植被覆盖度变化对区域气候影响的数值模拟  

Numerical simulation of the impact of land use and green vegetation fraction changes on regional climate in China

作　　者：武利阳 左洪超[1] 冯锦明[2] 陈伯龙[1] 董龙翔 Wu Li-yang;Zuo Hong-chao;Feng Jin-ming;Chen Bo-long;Dong Long-xiong(Key Laboratory of Semi-Arid Climate Change of the Ministry of Education,School of Atmospheric Sciences,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China;Key Laboratory of Regional Climate-Environment for Temperate East Asia,Institute of Atmospheric Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100029,China;Key Laboratory for Land Process and Climate Changes in Cold and Arid Regions,Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resource,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州大学大气科学学院半干旱气候变化教育部重点实验室,兰州730000 [2]中国科学院大气物理研究所东亚区域气候-环境重点实验室,北京100029 [3]中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院寒旱区陆面过程与气候变化重点实验室,兰州730000

出　　处：《兰州大学学报（自然科学版）》2018年第3期334-344,共11页Journal of Lanzhou University(Natural Sciences)

基　　金：国家重大科学研究计划"973"项目(2012CB956200);国家重点研发计划专项项目(2016YFA0600403);国家自然科学基金项目(41475009)

摘　　要：基于3期土地利用和植被覆盖度资料、高分辨率的驱动场、马赛克的土地利用处理方式,采用区域气候天气研究与预报模式,设计两类试验研究中国土地利用和植被覆盖度变化对区域气候的影响.结果表明:在土地利用试验中,反照率、叶面积指数、发射率和低空云量等影响地表能量及分配,导致土地利用变化对夏季潜热、感热和2 m气温等陆面物理量的影响显著.由于城市地表的不透水性导致城市潜热明显减少,感热和气温增加.土地利用变化对冬季的影响比夏季弱,主要是反照率起作用,尤其是在积雪变化较大的区域.在植被覆盖度试验中,植被覆盖度与叶面积指数一致,后者直接影响植被蒸腾作用和夏季潜热,潜热的变化与植被覆盖度的变化具有较好的空间一致性,感热和气温基本上与潜热变化相反.土地利用和植被覆盖度变化通过改变垂直层温度,影响位势高度,引起风场的异常和降水的变化.Based on the three periods of land use （LU） and green vegetation fraction （GVF） data, high-res- olution driving fields, the ＂mosaic＂ approach, two types of experiments were designed to investigate into the regional climate effects of LU and GVF change over China by using the weather research and fore- casting model. The results showed that, in the LU experiments, albedo, leaf area index （LAI）, emissivity and low level cloud fraction affected the surface energy and its distribution; then the influence of LU change on latent heat, sensible heat and 2 m air temperature was significant in summer. Because of the impermeability of the urban ground, latent heat was significantly decreased in the urban area, and sensible heat and air temperature was increased. The impact of LU change on the surface variables was weaker in winter than in summer, and albedo played an important role, especially in areas where snow cover varied greatly. In GVF experiments, LAI should be consistent with GVF, and LAI affected plant transpiration, which affected the summer latent heat. The latent heat change and GVF change had good spatial consistency, and the sensible heat and the air temperature change was essentially op- posite to the latent heat. LU and GVF change affected the geopotential height by changing the vertical layer temperature, and then wind fields and precipitation will be changed.

关 键 词：土地利用变化 植被覆盖度 数值模拟 区域气候 

分 类 号：P461[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]