近海海水和表层沉积物重金属污染与生态风险评价——以海南新村港为例  

Assessment on heavy metals pollution and potential ecological risk of seawater and surface sediments in coastal waters:A case study in Xincun Lagoon

作　　者：巩慧敏 刘永[1] 肖雅元[1] 李纯厚[1] GONG Hui-min;LIU Yong;XIAO Ya-yuan;LI Chun-hou(Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation ＆ Utilization,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment,South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510300,China;College of Fisheries and Life Science,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China)

机构地区：[1]农村农业部南海渔业资源开发利用重点实验室广东省渔业生态环境重点实验室中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所,广东广州510300 [2]上海海洋大学水产与生命学院,上海201306

出　　处：《农业现代化研究》2018年第4期700-708,共9页Research of Agricultural Modernization

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201403008);中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金资助(2015TS03)~~

摘　　要：为了评价近海海水和沉积物中重金属含量与分布,以海南陵水新村港为例,对新村港近海区域设置取样监测点,分析海水和表层沉积物中的重金属元素(Cd、Pb、As、Cu、Hg和Zn)含量,采用综合污染指数法和潜在生态风险指数法对海水和沉积物中的重金属污染程度与生态风险进行了评价。结果表明,海水中Cd、Pb、As、Cu和Zn的含量(μg/L)范围分别为0~0.58μg/L、0~3.85μg/L、0.6~4.15μg/L、0.55~4.7μg/L和0~48μg/L,年均含量分别为0.073μg/L、0.87μg/L、1.67μg/L、1.90μg/L和14.49μg/L,Hg未检出。表层沉积物Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb、As和Hg的年均含量分别为15.37 mg/kg、63.97 mg/kg、0.175 mg/kg、18.32 mg/kg、8.05 mg/kg和0.097 mg/kg。海水中综合污染指数小于1,海水未受到重金属的污染;沉积物综合污染指数大于10,呈现较高污染状况,主要是由海水养殖和船舶运输造成的。通过潜在生态风险指数评价表明,该海域表层沉积物中重金属对海洋生态系统的潜在生态风险属于中等水平,重金属的危害大小顺序是Hg﹥Cd﹥As﹥Cu﹥Pb﹥Zn。In order to evaluate the content and distribution of heavy metals of seawater and sediments in coastal waters, a case study has been carried out in Xincun Lagoon. In current study, the concentrations of heavy metals, including cadmium （Cd）, lead （Pb）, arsenic （As）, copper （Cu）, mercury （Hg） and zinc （Zn）, from seawater and surface sediment have been analyzed. Subsequently, the pollution and potential ecological risk of heavy metals in seawater and surface sediments have been assessed by methodologies of comprehensive pollution index method and potential ecological risk index, respectively. The results showed that the concentrations of Cd, Pb, As, Cu, and Zn in seawater ranged from 0 to 0.58 μg/L, 0 to 3.85 μg/L, 0.6 to 4.15 μg/L, 0.55 to 4.7 μg/L and 0 to 48 p.g/L, respectively. The annual average concentrations of listed heavy metals were 0.073 μg/L, 0.87 p-g/L, 1.67 μg/L, 1.90 μg/L, and 14.49 μg/L, respectively. However, the content of Hg in seawater was not detected. Moreover, the annual average concentrations of Cd, Zn, Cd, Pb, As and Hg in surface sediments were 15.37 mg/kg, 63.97 mg/kg, 0.175 mg/kg, 18.32 mg/kg, 8.05 mg/kg, and 0.097 mg/kg, respectively. It suggested that the sea water was not polluted by heavy metals as the results of comprehensive pollution index was less than 1. However, the heavy metals surface sediments was at a relatively high pollution status because the comprehensive pollution index was more than 10, which was probably caused by mariculture and shipping. Furthermore, the results showed that the potential ecological risk of heavy metals in the surface sediments was medium level, and the potential risks indexes of heavy metals from high to low were listed as Hg, Cd, As, Cu, Pb and Zn.

关 键 词：重金属 海水 沉积物 综合污染指数 潜在生态风险指数 生态风险 

分 类 号：X55[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X820.4