开放性公共池塘资源的多中心治理变革研究——以中国第一包江案的楠溪江为例  

Polycentric Transformation in Open Common Pool Resources——A Case Study of Nanxi River in the Zhejiang Province

作　　者：谭江涛 蔡晶晶[3] 张铭[2] 

机构地区：[1]南京大学经济学院,南京210098 [2]三峡大学经济与管理学院,湖北宜昌443002 [3]厦门大学经济学院,福建厦门361005

出　　处：《公共管理学报》2018年第3期102-116,158-159,共15页Journal of Public Management

基　　金：国家社会科学基金(15BMZ078);国家自然科学基金(71774136)

摘　　要：如何诊断复杂的公共池塘资源系统及其制度变迁,是社会科学家面临的持久挑战。基于组合IAD-SES分析框架以及2016年的实地问卷调查数据和查询到的相关档案,本文对2004年底楠溪江渔业资源多中心治理变革过程进行了动态制度分析,并检验多中心治理变革的效果是否符合多中心理论预测。诊断分析显示,楠溪江渔业资源多中心治理变革的效果与多中心理论预测结果是一致的,多中心治理变革的确增强了集体行动水平,搭便车、规避责任或其他机会主义捕捞行为得到有效控制,渔业资源实现了可持续发展。在中国情景下,政府是否愿意将自治权授予当地群体以及如何授权才能增进当地群体的社会资本,是开放性公共池塘资源实现自主治理的关键性因素,经济发展等背景变量是促进自主治理发展的重要因素,而恰当的资源规模、治理主体之间互利安排以及监督体系的建立有助于多中心协调机制的形成。本研究对中国情景下大规模、开放性公共池塘资源的集体行动机制的设计与治理变革具有一定的启示意义。It is a long-standing challenge for social scientists to diagnose the complex situation and changes in social ecological system. Here’s a contract case study of Nanxi River in the Zhejiang province that’s getting national attention. Beginning in 2004,Nanxi River fisheries resource governance transitioned from a monocentric,top-down system to one exhibiting traits of polycentricity. In this paper,we investigate the changes made to policy following the 2004 reform,outcomes produced in a collection of user groups in the Nanxi River,and the conformance of these changes and outcomes with principles of polycentricity. A new framework of Combined IAD-SES and the survey data collected in 2016 from Nanxi River fisheries resource as well as archival research is used to capture the complex institutional arrangements and interactions existing before and after the polycentric transformation. Unlike many previous polycentricity studies,the present research focuses primarily on the outcomes of the polycentric shift and determines if these correspond to predictions from polycentricitytheory. Diagnostic analysis shows that the effect of Nanxi River fishery resources polycentric transformation is consistent with the results of polycentricity theory prediction. The polycentric governance transformation of Nanxi River fisheries resources has indeed enhanced the level of collective action,and effective control of hitchhiking,evasion of responsibility or other opportunistic fishing. The trend of continuous deterioration of Nanxi River fishery resources has been stopped. Under the situation of China,whether the government is willing to grant autonomy to the local population and how to empower so as to enhance the social capital of the user group and history of resources use,leadership are the key factors for good self-governance,and variables in contextual settings including the economic development are important factors for the development of self-governance. The appropriate scale of good and the mutual benefit mechanism among ent

关 键 词：多中心治理 制度变革 楠溪江 公共池塘资源 渔业资源治理 

分 类 号：D035[政治法律—政治学]