基于MaxEnt生态位模型分析江西省人与野猪冲突的空间分布  

Spatial distribution of human-wild boar conflicts in Jiangxi Province based on MaxEnt niche model

作　　者：江晓萍 徐基良[1] 李建强[1] 徐迎寿[1] 李忠 JIANG Xiaoping;XU Jiliang;LI Jianqiang;XU Yingshou;LI Zhong(School of Nature Conservation,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China;Giant Panda Protection and Research Center of China,Chengdu,Sichuan 611830,China)

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学自然保护区学院,北京100083 [2]中国大熊猫保护研究中心,四川成都611830

出　　处：《森林与环境学报》2018年第3期334-340,共7页Journal of Forest and Environment

基　　金：林业公益性行业科研专项(201404422)

摘　　要：本文以人与野猪冲突为研究对象,对江西省100个县(市或区)的人与野猪冲突概况进行了问卷调查,并选择7个县34个村进行了实地核查,分别获得222和32个人与野猪冲突位点,进而,运用MaxEnt生态位模型分析了江西省人与野猪冲突的潜在风险的空间分布。结果表明,江西省人与野猪冲突形式主要表现为毁坏农田、破坏竹笋以及侵害苗圃果园,冲突高峰期为每年的8—9月。江西省人与野猪冲突的高风险区主要集中在该省北部、中东部、中西部地区,其面积为10 715 km^2,占该省总面积的6.42%,且以生活在林缘、县界(多处于深山中)社区居民所面临的野猪致害风险压力较大;中风险区面积为16 123 km^2,占该省总面积的9.66%;低风险区面积为140 062 km^2,占该省总面积的83.92%。本研究表明江西省人与野猪冲突具有较强的区域性特征,相关结果将有助于准确掌握江西省人与野猪冲突空间格局特征和风险分布,建立主动防范措施,为制定合理的野生动物致害补偿、保险及实行高风险高投保的差别费率等政策提供依据。Human-wild boar conflicts were selected as study object,questionnaire survey was carried out in 100 counties,cities or districts in Jiangxi Province,and field surveys were conducted in 34 villages of 7 counties. As a result,222 and 32 conflict points by these 2 surveys were obtained separately,then,Max Ent niche model was used to analyze the spatial distribution of human-wild boar conflicts in this province. Results showed that,the human-wild boar conflicts in Jiangxi Province were mainly included the destruction of farmland,bamboo shoots and nursery orchards,and the annual peak of conflicts was from August to September. The high risk of human-wild boar conflicts occurred in the north,east-central,and west-central part of Jiangxi Province with an area of 10 715 km^2 which accounted for 6.42% of the territory of this province. In particular,the residents living in the sites of forest edge or near county line（ which was often located in the deep mountains） were under the highest risk of the damage from wild boar. The areas with middle risk was 16 123 km^2 and the low risk was 140 062 km^2,accounted for 9.66% and 83.92% of the territory of this province,respectively. Our results concluded that the human-wild boar conflicts held typical characteristics of region,and it was beneficial to define the spatial pattern of human-wild boar conflicts in Jiangxi Province,formulate the policy system of wildlife damage compensation and insurance.

关 键 词：最大熵模型 人与野猪冲突 空间分布 江西省 

分 类 号：S442.3[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]