不同施肥处理对温室葡萄园土壤速效养分含量的影响  

Effects of fertilization treatments on available nutrient contents in soil of greenhouse vineyard

作　　者：张兴国 胡笑涛[1] 冉辉 杜斌[1] 郝哲 弓俊武 ZHANG Xingguo;HU Xiaotao;RAN Hui;DU Bin;HAO Zhe;GONG Junwu(Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas,Ministry of Education,Northwest A＆F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;Agriculture and Reclamation Technical Service Station of Yulin City,Yulin,Shaanxi 719000,China;Yuhe Farm of Yulin City,Yulin,Shaanxi 719000,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学旱区农业水土工程教育部重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100 [2]陕西省榆林市农垦农业技术服务站,陕西榆林719000 [3]陕西省榆林市鱼河农场,陕西榆林719000

出　　处：《排灌机械工程学报》2018年第11期1187-1192,共6页Journal of Drainage and Irrigation Machinery Engineering

基　　金：陕西省科技统筹创新工程计划项目(2016KTZDNY-01-05);"十三五"国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0201508)

摘　　要：为了研究不同施肥处理对温室葡萄园土壤速效养分含量的影响,以早熟"6-12"葡萄为研究对象,在陕北风沙区开展了不同施肥处理的田间试验.以传统沟灌施肥为对照,同时设置滴灌施肥处理,设置高肥T1、中肥T2、低肥T3 3个水平,滴灌灌水量相同.结果表明:不同施肥处理对温室葡萄园不同时期土壤速效养分含量变化的差异具有统计学意义.在葡萄新梢生长期,处理T2的(0,50]cm土层中速效氮质量比最大,有利于该时期葡萄植株的营养生长,为后期积累产量提供良好基础.在葡萄果实膨大期和着色成熟期,(0,50]cm土层中速效磷和速效钾质量比最大的为处理T2,对葡萄增产提质具有显著的促进作用.综上所述,滴灌中肥处理T2为适宜本地区温室葡萄栽培的有效施肥方式.另外,研究发现"大水大肥"的传统灌溉施肥方式会导致更多肥效流失,养分向深层土壤迁移,污染地下水,破坏生态环境.In order to study effects of fertilization treatment on available nutrient contents in soil of greenhouse vineyard, a field experiment was carried out on ＂6-12＂ precocious grape in the wind-sand area of northern Shaanxi. The traditional fertilization was as a control, while drip irrigation fertilization treatments were designed, including three fertilization levels such as T1 （930 kg/hm^2）, T2 （840 kg/hm^2）, and T3 （750 kg/hm^2） at the same drip irrigation quota. The results show that the effects of fertilization treatment on available nutrient content in the soil of greenhouse vineyard in diffe- rent growth periods have statistical significance. During the shoot growth period, the available nitrogen content in 0-50 cm soil layer in T2 is the highest, which is favorable to the vegetative growth of grape plants in this period. In the fruit enlargement and coloring maturity periods, the available phosphorus and potassium contents in 0-50 cm soil layer are the highest in T2, which has a significant effect on promoting grape yield and quality. In summary, the fertilization T2 in drip irrigation is a suitable fertilization method to greenhouse grape cultivation in this region. In addition, the traditional fertigation me- thod of ＂big flood and big fertilizer＂ can lead to even more loss of fertilizer efficiency, nutrient migration to deeper soils, pollution of groundwater, and destruction of the ecological environment.

关 键 词：温室葡萄 施肥 土壤 速效养分 滴灌 

分 类 号：S628[农业科学—园艺学] S274.1