修剪与覆盖对黄土丘陵区枣林土壤干层的修复效应  

Effects of Pruning and Mulching on Soil Desiccation Remediation in Rain-Fed Jujube Plantation in the Semi-Arid Loess Hilly Gull Region

作　　者：汪星[1] 高志永[2] 汪有科[1,3] 聂真义 靳姗姗[3] 董建国[3] Wang Xing;Gao Zhiyong;Wang Youke;Nie Zhenyi;Jin Shanshan;Dong Jianguo(Research Center of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Environment,Chinese Academy of Sciences ＆ Ministry of Education Yangling 712100;Department of Water Conservancy,Yangling Vocational ＆ Technological College Yangling 712100;College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering,Northwest A ＆ F unversity Yangling 712100;Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,Northwest A ＆ F Unversity Yangling 712100)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院教育部水土保持与生态环境研究中心,杨凌712100 [2]杨凌职业技术学院水利工程分院,杨凌712100 [3]西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院,杨凌712100 [4]西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所,杨凌712100

出　　处：《林业科学》2018年第7期24-30,共7页Scientia Silvae Sinicae

基　　金：国家支撑计划项目(2015BAC01B03);陕西统筹项目(2014KTCG01-03)

摘　　要：【目的】探究修剪与覆盖对黄土丘陵区旱作枣林土壤水分的影响,为该区林地土壤干层修复提供科学依据。【方法】2012—2015年,以典型黄土丘陵区枣林及农田为研究对象,设计10种试验处理:常规(PI-1)、轻度(PI-2)、中度(PI-3)、重度(PI-4)修剪;林下秸秆、石子覆盖、地膜覆盖、林下裸地;PI-4+塑料膜覆盖;农地。并采用中子水分仪定位监测土壤剖面水分含量,探讨不同处理下的土壤水分状况。【结果】与相似条件下的旱作农地相比,15龄旱作山地枣林土壤干层深度达560 cm,年均耗水量高出农地19.7 mm;不同修剪处理间,枣林土壤含水量存在显著差异(P<0.05),4种修剪处理土壤含水量表现为PI-1<PI-2<PI-3<PI-4;在常规修剪情况下,采取林下秸秆、石子覆盖和地膜覆盖的枣林地土壤水分含量都显著增加(P<0.05),分别比林下裸地土壤储水量增加31.8~43.1、69.9~71.4和84.0~92.7 mm;地膜覆盖储水量在枣林休眠期达339.45 mm,显著高于石子覆盖和林下秸秆处理(P<0.05);PI-4+塑料膜覆盖处理土壤水分与农地土壤水分在枣林生育期无显著差异(P>0.05),但在休眠期枣林土壤含水量高于农地。【结论】增加枣树修剪强度可明显减少林地耗水;全年林地覆盖更有利于生育期土壤水分储存并可有效降低林地休眠期土壤水分损失;适度修剪+全年地膜覆盖可有效防治林地土壤干层加重或发生。【Objective】Soil desiccation is a normal phenomenon in plantation forests in the Loess Plateau of China,which affects the growth and cultivation of plants. This study was conducted to analyze the impacts on soil water of different pruning and mulching treatments in jujube plantation in order to explore remediation technologies for soil desiccation in this region. 【Method】The study sites was located in Mizhi County,Shaanxi Province,and the jujube trees were grown under rain-fed conditions. Soil moisture under 10 types of land surface management practices（4 different pruning intensities： traditional,slight,moderate and heavy pruning; 3 mulching treatments using straw,gravel and plastic film; traditional pruning ＋ no mulching; heavy pruning ＋ plastic film mulching; and farmland） were measured with CNC100 neutron gauges in 2012—2015.【Result】The soil desiccation in 15-year-old jujube plantation reached 560 cm in depth and annual water consumption was 19. 7 mm more than the farmland. The degree of soil moisture improvement was increased with the increase of pruning intensity. The soil water storage within the top 300 cm soil layer of jujube plantations under straw,plastic film and gravel mulching treatments was 31. 8-43. 1,69. 9-71. 4,and 84. 0-92. 7 mm respectively higher than that of no mulching jujube plantation. The combination of heavy pruning and plastic film mulching improved the soil moisture in growth periods and reduced the soil water loss in dormancy periods effectively,and underthus treatment soil moisture within 0-300 cm depth could recover to the same level as farmland in rainy years.【Conclusion】Practices combining pruning with mulching were more effective in conserving water in jujube plantation,thus,more helpful in preventing and mitigating the desiccation of deep soil in plantations in the semi-arid regions.

关 键 词：枣林 土壤干化 黄土丘陵区 土壤水分 半干旱地区 

分 类 号：S718.51[农业科学—林学]