铅冶炼企业周边0～15岁儿童血铅水平调查  

Blood lead levels of children living around a lead smeltery

作　　者：吴钧芳 薄丹丹 江鹏 吴承森 张圆圆 谢杰 尹广明 高艳艳[2] 古军旺 张淑云[2] 周繁坤[2] 冯昶[2] 范广勤[2] WU Jun-fang;BO Dan-dan;JIANG Peng;WU Cheng-sen;ZHANG Yuan-yuan;XIE Jie;YIN Guang-ming;GAO Yan-yan;GU Jun-wang;ZHANG Shu-yun;ZHOU Fan-kun;FENG Chang;FAN Guang-qin(The First Branch of People＇s Hospital of Yiyang County,Yiyang,Jiangxi 334400,Chin)

机构地区：[1]江西省弋阳县人民医院第一分院,江西弋阳334400 [2]南昌大学公共卫生学院江西省预防医学重点实验室

出　　处：《环境与健康杂志》2018年第3期221-224,共4页Journal of Environment and Health

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(81273120;21267017;81673222);科技部基础性工作专项(2015FY111100);江西省卫生厅科技项目(20132078);上饶市科技支撑计划项目(121CZD15)

摘　　要：目的了解铅冶炼企业对周边儿童血铅水平的影响。方法于2011年9—11月对居住于某铅冶炼企业周边6个自然村的0~15周岁常住儿童进行调查,将自然村分为3个地区,即位于企业主导风的下风向(A区)、侧风向(B区)、上风向(C区),共252人。用MP-2溶出分析仪和血液荧光测定仪进行血铅值和血锌原卟啉含量测定。结果该企业周边儿童血铅值中位数为95.29μg/L,P25~P75为66.41~165.43μg/L,血铅超标率为46.83%。其中A区血铅水平(136.15μg/L)高于B区(90.02μg/L)及C区(82.62μg/L),差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);不同性别儿童血铅水平无明显差异(P>0.05);0~7岁儿童血铅水平(122.45μg/L)高于8~15岁儿童(85.33μg/L),差异有统计学意义(Z=-5.506,P<0.01)。血锌原卟啉与血铅值水平呈正相关(rs=0.404,P<0.01)。居住地位于企业主导风的下风向、年龄相对较低(0~7岁)是儿童血铅超标的危险因素,OR值分别为2.230(95%CI:1.164~4.272)和0.831(95%CI:0.777~0.890)。结论铅冶炼企业可能对周边儿童体内血铅水平有一定影响。Objective To understand the blood lead level in children living around a lead smeltery in China. Methods A total of 252 children aged 0-15, living in the six villages with different wind direction around the lead smeltery（Area A, which was under the dominant wind direction, and Area B, which was at the side of the dominant wind direction, and Area C, which was above the dominant wind direction）, were chosen for the examination in September 2011.The blood lead was determined with MP-2 dissolution analyzer and the blood zinc protoporphyrin was measured by a blood fluorometer. Results The median of blood lead level was 95.29 μg/L（P25： 66.41 μg/L; P75：165.43 μg/L） and 46.83% of them exceeded the limit（100 μg/L）. The blood lead level of Area A（136.15 μg/L） was higher than that of Area B（90.02 μg/L） and Area C（82.62 μg/L）. There was no difference in blood lead level between the genders. The blood lead level of children aged 0-7（122.45 μg/L） was significantly higher than that of children aged 8-15（85.33 μg/L）（Z=-5.506, P〈0.01）. The blood zinc protoporphyrin level was positively associated with the blood lead level and the Spearman correlation analysis showed than the correlative coefficient was 0.404.Analysis on the factors affecting the blood lead level was conducted,it was found that living in the dominant downwind area of the lead smeltery and the youngers were the risk factors for high blood lead level, with the OR values of 2.230（95%CI：1.164-4.272）,0.831（95%CI：0.777-0.890） respectively. Conclusion The lead smeltery has adverse effect on blood lead level in the children aged 0-15, living around the smeltery.

关 键 词：血铅水平 铅中毒 铅冶炼企业 血锌原卟啉 儿童 

分 类 号：R181.3[医药卫生—流行病学]