游耕农民的地方性知识和可持续土地利用的挑战:老挝北部流域管理项目的经验与教训  

LOCAL KNOWLEDGE OF SWIDDEN FARMERS AND CHALLENGES FOR SUSTAINABLE LAND USE:LESSONS FROM A WATERSHED MANAGEMENT PROJECT IN NORTHERN LAOS

作　　者：里见.东 张健 陆小璇 Satomi HIGASHI;Angus ZHANG;Xiaoxuan LU(Japan Society for the Promotion of Scienc)

机构地区：[1]日本科学促进会

出　　处：《景观设计学（中英文）》2018年第3期130-137,共8页Landscape Architecture Frontiers

摘　　要：老挝地处东南亚大陆,在其境内的许多地区,游耕已成为关乎当地社区粮食安全以及宗教、文化寄托的重要生计之一—对于老挝的高地地区尤为如此。由于多项土地和森林管理政策,以及村庄迁移和合并计划的推行,老挝北部乌多姆赛省北宾区的社区居民进入森林的权利受到限制,因而不得不面对耕地资源短缺的问题。在没有足够耕地的情况下,当地农民开始以一种破坏性的方式使用森林资源。作为非政府环境组织的项目负责人,作者参与了一项基于社区的流域管理项目,并克服重重挑战,找到了适于当地社区土地利用的土地和森林管理体系。该非政府组织尝试采用一种替代方案,以使游耕农民的土地利用方式与官方土地和森林管理体系并存互利。In Laos, located in mainland Southeast Asia, shifting cultivation has been one of the important means of livelihood, in terms of food security as well as religious and cultural anchorage, for local communities in a number of areas, especially in upland areas in the country. In Pakbeng District, Oudomxay Province, northern Laos, due to the implementation of various land and forest management policies and a village relocation and consolidation program, local communities were restricted from access to the forests and faced a shortage of agricultural lands. After facing difficulties in securing sufficient lands, the local farmers used the forests in a destructive manner. The author of this article was engaged with the Community-based Watershed Management Project, as a program director of an environmental NGO and tackled challenges to achieve a land and forest management system suitable for land use by local communities. The NGO attempted to apply an alternative approach to incorporate swidden farmers＇ land use system into official land and forest management institutions.

关 键 词：游耕 高地农民 土地和森林管理政策 老挝 非政府组织 

分 类 号：S3[农业科学—农艺学] TU98[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]