澳洲坚果叶斑病新病原及生物学特性  

Characteristics of a New Pathogen of Macadamia Leaf Spot Disease

作　　者：户雪敏 詹儒林[1] 吴婧波[1] 柳凤[1] 常金梅[1] 何衍彪[1] 赵艳龙[1] 李国平[1] HU Xuemin;ZHAN Rulin;WU Jingbo;LIU Feng;CHANG Jinmei;HE Yanbiao;ZHAO Yanlong;LI Guoping(South Subtropical Crop Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Key Labora- tory of Tropical Fruit Biology,Ministry of Agriculture,Zhanjiang,Guangdong,524091;College of Plant Sci- ence and Technology,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan,430070)

机构地区：[1]中国热带农业科学院南亚热带作物研究所/农业部热带果树生物学重点实验室,广东湛江524091 [2]华中农业大学植物科学技术学院,武汉430070

出　　处：《中国南方果树》2018年第4期7-12,共6页South China Fruits

基　　金：广东省现代农业产业技术体系创新团队——优稀水果产业技术体系首席专家(2016LM144);“一带一路”沿线国家热带农业资源联合调查与开发评价项目(ZYLH2018010305)资助

摘　　要：在澳洲坚果园发现一种叶部病害,为明确该病害的病原菌种类,将采集病叶进行病原菌分离,并运用柯赫法则测定致病性,根据病原菌的形态学特征和rDNA-ITS序列分析对病原菌进行鉴定。结果表明,分离菌株的菌落形态和分生孢子形态都与小孢拟盘多毛孢Pestalotiopsis microspora一致,经分子生物学鉴定,其ITS序列与小孢拟盘多毛孢的ITS序列的同源性为99%,将引起澳洲坚果叶斑病的病原菌鉴定为小孢拟盘多毛孢。PDA培养基最有利于该病原菌生长,培养3d后,菌落直径达62.9mm,最佳碳源为葡萄糖,最佳氮源为硫酸铵;病原菌在15~30℃均能生长,最适生长温度28℃;病原菌在pH值4~11范围内均可生长,pH值7生长最佳,全光照有利于病原菌生长。首次报道Pestalotiopsis microspora引起澳洲坚果叶斑病。A macadamia leaf disease was found in macadamiaplantation.In order to identify the pathogen,isolates were obtained by isolation and purification.The pathogenicity was tested using the Koch＇s Postulates,pathogenicity of isolates from the symptomatic leaf.Identification of pathogen was conducted according to the morphological characteristics and ITS sequence.The pathogen isolated from the macadamia is Pestalotiopsis microspora.Biological analysis showed that the PDA was the most conducive medium for the growth of pathogen.The colony diameters were up to 62.9 mm after incubation at 25℃ in dark for three days.The best carbon source for bacteria growth was dextrose,and the best nitrogen source was ammonia sulfate.Pathogenic bacteria could grow at 15~30 ℃,and the most suitable temperature was 28 ℃.Pathogenic bacteria could grow at pH value ranging from 4 to 11,and the most suitable pH value was 7.Continuous illumination was the most favorable for the growth of mycelium.This is the first report of Pestalotiopsis microspora causing diseases on macadamia.

关 键 词：澳洲坚果 叶斑病 小孢拟盘多毛孢 生物学特性 

分 类 号：S436.64[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]