An Efficient EH-WSN Energy Management Mechanism  

作　　者：Yang Zhang Hong Gao Siyao Cheng Jianzhong Li 

机构地区：[1]Department of Computer Science and Technology,Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China [2]Department of Key Laboratory of Mechatronics, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080,China

出　　处：《Tsinghua Science and Technology》2018年第4期406-418,共13页清华大学学报（自然科学版（英文版）

基　　金：supported in part by the Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 61632010);Harbin Municipal Science and Technology Innovation Talent Research Funded Project (No. 2014RFQXJ027)

摘　　要：An Energy-Harvesting Wireless Sensor Network （EH-WSN） depends on harvesting energy from the environment to prolong network lifetime. Subjected to limited energy in complex environments, an EH-WSN encounters difficulty when applied to real environments as the network efficiency is reduced. Existing EH-WSN studies are usually conducted in assumed conditions in which nodes are synchronized and the energy profile is knowable or calculable. In real environments, nodes may lose their synchronization due to lack of energy. Furthermore, energy harvesting is significantly affected by multiple factors, whereas the ideal hypothesis is difficult to achieve in reality. In this paper, we introduce a general Intermittent Energy-Aware （lEA） EH-WSN platform. For the first time, we adopted a double-stage capacitor structure to ensure node synchronization in situations without energy harvesting, and we used an integrator to achieve ultra-low power measurement. With regard to hardware and software, we provided an optimized energy management mechanism for intermittent functioning. This paper describes the overall design of the lEA platform, and elaborates the energy management mechanism from the aspects of energy management, energy measurement, and energy prediction. In addition, we achieved node synchronization in different time and energy environments, measured the energy in reality, and proposed the light weight energy calculation method based on measured solar energy. In real environments, experiments are performed to verify the high performance of lEA in terms of validity and reliability. The lEA platform is shown to have ultra-low power consumption and high accuracy for energy measurement and prediction.An Energy-Harvesting Wireless Sensor Network （EH-WSN） depends on harvesting energy from the environment to prolong network lifetime. Subjected to limited energy in complex environments, an EH-WSN encounters difficulty when applied to real environments as the network efficiency is reduced. Existing EH-WSN studies are usually conducted in assumed conditions in which nodes are synchronized and the energy profile is knowable or calculable. In real environments, nodes may lose their synchronization due to lack of energy. Furthermore, energy harvesting is significantly affected by multiple factors, whereas the ideal hypothesis is difficult to achieve in reality. In this paper, we introduce a general Intermittent Energy-Aware （lEA） EH-WSN platform. For the first time, we adopted a double-stage capacitor structure to ensure node synchronization in situations without energy harvesting, and we used an integrator to achieve ultra-low power measurement. With regard to hardware and software, we provided an optimized energy management mechanism for intermittent functioning. This paper describes the overall design of the lEA platform, and elaborates the energy management mechanism from the aspects of energy management, energy measurement, and energy prediction. In addition, we achieved node synchronization in different time and energy environments, measured the energy in reality, and proposed the light weight energy calculation method based on measured solar energy. In real environments, experiments are performed to verify the high performance of lEA in terms of validity and reliability. The lEA platform is shown to have ultra-low power consumption and high accuracy for energy measurement and prediction.

关 键 词：energy harvesting WSN energy efficiency energy measurement synchronous wakeup 

分 类 号：TP212[自动化与计算机技术—检测技术与自动化装置] TU746.5[自动化与计算机技术—控制科学与工程]