非对称窄缝挑坎水力特性研究  

Hydraulic Performance of an Asymmetric Slit-Type Flip Bucket

作　　者：彭引 田忠[1] 肖鸿[1] 藏兴科 冯艳如 PENG Yin,TIAN Zhong,XIAO Hong,ZANG Xingke,FENG Yanru(State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Development Protection,Sichuan University,Chengdu 610065,Chin)

机构地区：[1]四川大学水力学与山区河流开发保护国家重点实验室,四川成都610065

出　　处：《人民黄河》2018年第6期116-120,132,共6页Yellow River

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(51309171)

摘　　要：非对称窄缝挑坎是针对山区弯曲河道泄洪消能的一种新型消能工。基于水力学模型试验研究了偏转角为0°~10°非对称窄缝的水力学特性,重点分析了挑流段水面线特性、边墙压力分布、挑距及入水范围。模型试验上游来流采用有压装置生成,参照规范建议值选定了窄缝消能工模型的收缩比、挑角等参数。试验结果表明:弗劳德数Fr与非对称偏转角对挑流水面线、边墙荷载、挑距有较大影响。非对称窄缝挑坎可以有效地使挑流发生转向,相比对称窄缝挑坎,在相近的流量下非对称窄缝水舌扩散更为均匀,从而有效减弱了水舌对两岸的冲刷,减小了水舌对河床的冲击力度。Asymmetric slit-type flip bucket is a new type of energy dissipater for energy dissipation of flood discharge in mountainous curved rivers. In this study,laboratory experiments were conducted to study the hydraulic performance of an asymmetric slit-type flip bucket,including the effects of deflection angles on the surface profile,wall pressure,and the jet distance. A pressurized device was employed to generate the upstream supercritical flows,and the design parameters of the flip bucket,such as the shrinkage ratio and the flip angle,were selected based on recommendations of hydraulic engineering guidelines. The experimental results show that Froude Number（ Fr） and the asymmetric deflection angle are the key factors that influence the jet trajectory,sidewall loading,and the jet distance. Compared with the symmetrical ones,the asymmetric slit-type flip buckets force greater vertical and longitudinal spread of the jet,reducing the impact of jet tongue on the river bed.

关 键 词：窄缝挑坎 消能工 非对称 高坝 山区河流 

分 类 号：TV13[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学]