长江下游单季稻一次性施肥的适宜缓释氮肥筛选  

Screening of slow release nitrogen fertilizer suitable for one-time fertilization on single cropping rice in the lower reaches area of Yangtze River

作　　者：王强[1] 姜丽娜[1] 潘建清 符建荣[1] 马军伟[1] 叶静[1] 俞巧钢[1] 孙万春[1] 邹平[1] 林辉[1] WANG Qiang1, JIANG Li-na1,, PAN Jian-qing2, FU Jian-rong1, MA Jun-wei1, YE Jing1, YU Qiao-gang1, SUN Wan-chun1, ZOU Ping1, LIN Hui1(1. Institute of Environment, Resource, Soil and Fertilizer, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultur-al Sciences, Hangzhou Zhejiang 310021, 2. Agricultural Bureau of Changxing County of Zhejiang Province, Changxing Zhe-jiang 31310)

机构地区：[1]浙江省农业科学院环境资源与土壤肥料研究所,浙江杭州310021 [2]浙江省长兴县农业局,浙江长兴313100

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2018年第3期48-53,共6页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项"主要粮食作物一次性施肥技术研究与示范"(201303103);平湖市政府-浙江农业科学院科技合作项目"一次性施肥技术关键技术研究与示范推广"(PH20150001)

摘　　要：为满足长江下游单季稻一次性施肥全生育期供氮需求,以普通尿素分次施用为对照,比较了5种缓释氮肥一次性施肥处理在单季稻产量、分蘖动态及产量构成因子的差异,分析了不同处理的单季稻植株不同时期氮含量,计算了氮肥吸收量及氮肥利用率。通过研究筛选出能支撑长江下游单季稻一次性施肥的缓释氮肥为树脂包膜尿素和聚胺脂包膜尿素,在减氮20%的基础上,两种缓释尿素分别与40%的普通尿素配合一次性施用,其产量与普通尿素分次施用在统计学上持平且略有增产的趋势,分蘖数、有效穗、实粒数和千粒重也有增加;一次性施肥处理的水稻植株含氮量、氮吸收量都高于普通尿素分次施用处理,氮肥表观利用率提高2.3%~20.4%。表明在长江下游单季稻种植中,树脂包膜尿素和聚胺脂包膜尿素支撑下可达到一次性施肥全生育期供氮的目的。In order to meet the requirement of balanced nitrogen supply with one-time fertilization for single cropping rice in thelower reaches of the Yangtze River, the effects of five types of slow-release nitrogen fertilizer on rice yield, tillering dynamicsand yield components were compared in this study. The nitrogen contents of the plants at the critical growing stage of rice in thedifferent treatments were analyzed, and the nitrogen uptake amount of single-rice plants and nitrogen use efficiency were calcu-lated. The results showed that the slow-release nitrogen fertilizer, which could support the one-time fertilization of single crop-ping rice in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, was resin-coated urea and polyurethane coated urea. On the basis of 20%nitrogen reduction, the yield of the one-time fertilization treatments of 40% of the conventional urea combined with the two sus-tained-release urea respectively, was statistically flat and slightly increased compared with that of multiple application of con-ventional urea. The number of tillers, effective panicles, filled grains per panicle and 1 000-grain weight also increased. Thenitrogen concentration and nitrogen uptake of rice plants treated by one-time fertilization were higher than that of multiple appli-cation of conventional urea, and the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer was increased by 2, 3% - 20, 4%. The results indica-ted that a balanced fertilization at the whole growth period under the support of one-time fertilization with resin-coated urea andpolyurethane coated urea could be achieved in the single cropping rice cultivation in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River.

关 键 词：长江下游 单季稻 一次性施肥 缓释氮肥 

分 类 号：S511.41[农业科学—作物学]